高原不同海拔世居藏族阿茨海默症患病率流行病学及其相关危险因素研究

阿茨海默症(AD)是老年人最常见的疾病之一，随着中国人口进入老年化社会，AD发生率越来越高。低氧可造成神经系统损伤，影响人的认知功能，理论上高原地区AD患病率十分高，但我们前期对西宁地区和果洛玉树地区3000人群初步调查结果提示，高原世居藏族AD的患病率大概在1.01%，远低于全国总体患病率4.7%。其结果提示1.可能样本量较少，获得的数据不准确，需要扩大样本量；2.藏族可能具有独特的低氧适应基因防止了AD的发生。为了能够进一步明确AD在高原世居藏族人群的患病率情况，阐明“低患病率”原因，拟1.扩大样本量，并对2000-3000米、3000-4000米和4000米以上三个海拔地区藏族进行AD患病率流行病学系统调查，并从生理指标、生活习俗，文化背景，遗传等各方面对AD发生的危险因素进行分析；2.同时进行适应基因或易感基因的筛选，为进一步揭示高原地区AD发病机制和临床应用提供精准数据。

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common diseases among the elderly. As the Chinese population enters the aging society, the incidence of AD is increasing. Hypoxia can cause nervous system damage and affect people's cognitive function. In theory, the prevalence of AD in plateau area is very high. However, our preliminary survey of nearly 3000 people in Xining and Guoluo areas indicates that the prevalence of AD in Tibetan people living in plateau area is about 1.01%, which is much lower than the overall prevalence of AD in China. The results suggest that 1. The number of samples may be small and the data obtained are inaccurate, so it is necessary to expand the sample size; 2. Tibetans may have unique hypoxic adaptation genes to prevent the occurrence of AD. In order to further clarify the prevalence of AD in Tibetan people living in plateau, and to clarify the causes of "low prevalence", it is proposed to expand the sample size, and conduct systematic epidemiological survey of AD prevalence among Tibetans at three altitudes of 2000-3000 m, 3000-4000 m and over 4000 m, and make progress on the risk factors of AD occurrence from physiological indicators, living habits, cultural background, heredity and so on. At the same time, the adaptive or susceptible genes were screened to provide precise data for further revealing the pathogenesis and clinical application of AD in Plateau areas.