作为地球生物圈中数量最多的生物实体，病毒通过对几乎所有具有细胞结构的生命体的致死以及细胞营养物质的释放，影响微生物个体种群的演替、生物地球化学循环，最终影响微生物群落结构。虽然土壤环境具有巨大的病毒数量和多样性，但是病毒对微生物的调控以及由非生物因素引起的土壤微生物变化对病毒的影响尚不明确。因此，本项目拟针对稻田这一独特的生态系统，从土壤T4型噬菌体群落的时空分布规律入手，进一步运用宏病毒组学，明确土壤病毒与原核微生物相互作用的时空变化规律；同时结合室内微宇宙培养实验，运用稳定性同位素核酸探针技术（DNA-SIP）、高通量测序和宏病毒组技术，解析土壤病毒与活性原核微生物的相互作用动态，最终阐明土壤病毒与原核微生物的相互作用机理，为理解农业生态系统微生物相互作用，加强农业生态系统养分元素管理提供理论基础。

As the most abundant biological entities, through direct mortality of nearly all forms of cellular life, and the release of cellular nutrients, viruses influence the succession of individual populations of microorganisms, biogeochemical cycles and, ultimately, microbial community structure. Although the soil environment has a huge number and diversity of viruses, the regulation of microorganisms by the virus and the effects of soil microbial communities’ changes caused by abiotic factors on the virus are not clear. Therefore, this project select the unique ecosystem of paddy field, starting from the spatial and temporal distribution of soil T4 bacteriophages, and then using virome to clarify the temporal and spatial variation of the interactions between soil virus and prokaryotic microorganisms. Indoor microcosm culture experiments, using nucleic acid based stable isotope probing technology (DNA-SIP), high-throughput sequencing and virome, are combined to analyze the dynamics of interaction between soil virus and active prokaryotic microorganisms. Finally, the interaction mechanism between soil virus and prokaryotic microbes is clarified. This project is aimed to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbial interactions in agro-ecosystems and strengthening the management of nutrient elements in agro-ecosystems.