稻米中的脂质是一种宝贵的营养资源并且影响稻米的品质，克隆稻米脂肪酸含量和组分的重要基因有助于解析稻米中脂质合成的机制。通过全基因组关联分析和连锁分析，我们分别鉴定了26个和52个脂肪酸合成相关QTL。结合生物信息学分析，我们预测了其中11个QTL的候选基因，并对其中两个主效的基因，PAL6和LIN6，进行了转基因敲除验证。转基因敲除结果表明PAL6影响棕榈酸（C16:0）含量而LIN6影响亚油酸（C18:2）含量和总脂肪酸含量。在此基础上，我们将进一步完成PAL6和LIN6的功能验证；研究PAL6和LIN6的表达特性以及和其它脂肪酸合成基因的相互关系；筛选PAL6和LIN6的互作蛋白，鉴定它们的底物，体外表达并测定它们的酶活，分析它们的功能，从而解析它们调控脂肪酸合成的分子机制；挖掘优良自然变异，为水稻遗传改良提供优良等位基因。本项目的实施将丰富水稻脂肪酸合成调控机制和品质改良基因资源。

Lipids in rice are valuable nutrients and affect the quality of rice. Cloning important genes controlling fatty acid content and composition in rice is beneficial to elucidating the mechanism of lipid synthesis in rice. Through genome-wide association analysis and linkage analysis, we respectively identified 26 and 52 QTL related to fatty acid synthesis. Combining bioinformatics analysis, we predicted 11 candidate genes for these QTL, and verified two major genes, PAL6 and LIN6, by transgenic experiments. Transgenic knockout lines revealed that PAL6 positively affected palmitic acid (C16:0) content while LIN6 negatively affected linoleic acid (C18:2) content and total fatty acid content. On the basis of the results mentioned above, we will further complete the functional verification of PAL6 and LIN6. We will investigate the expression of PAL6 and LIN6, and their relationships with other fatty acid synthesis genes. We will clarify their molecular mechanisms of regulating fatty acid synthesis through analyzing the protein functions by expression in vitro and identifying interaction proteins of PAL6 and LIN6 by yeast-two hybrid experiment. Natural variations analysis will be performed to identify advantageous alleles for lipids improvement in rice. The implementation of this project will enrich the regulation mechanism of rice fatty acid synthesis and gene resources for quality improvement.