磁共振成像(MRI)和定域谱(MRS)作为一种无创伤的检测分析手段能够获得同一生物体内不同层次、不同类别的信息，在生物医学领域发挥着重要作用。然而，较长的采样时间不仅可能造成其图像和谱图的质量下降，而且限制了其在功能成像、分子影像等方面的应用。本项目旨在建立一套基于空间编码的新型超快速高分辨MRI和二维(2D) MRS新方法。我们将研究影响空间编码超快速MRI和2D MRS的采样时间、分辨率以及信噪比的主要内在原因和外在因素；在合理的生物物理模型指导下，利用计算机模拟辅助设计空间编码超快速MRI和2D MRS脉冲序列；充分利用空间编码的特性，引入小视野成像、二维空间编码、非线性采样等信号快速激发和采集方法以及部分傅立叶变换、压缩传感等信号重建手段，有效提高MRI和MRS的分辨率、信噪比和采集速度，从而建立一套超快速活体高分辨MRI和2D MRS新方法，促进NMR新技术在生物医学领域的应用。

As non-invasive detection techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be used to obtain different types of information at different levels from a same organism, thus playing an important role in biomedicine. However, long acquisition time may not only result in the decreasing of imaging and spectral quality, but also limit their applications in functional MRI and molecular imaging. In this project, we will establish a set of novel ultrafast high-resolution MRI and localized two-dimensional (2D) MRS methods based on spatial encoding technique. We will investigate the main intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the acquisition speed, resolution, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of spatially encoded ultrafast MRI and 2D MRS. Under the reasonable biophysical model, we will design new pulse sequences with the help of computer simulation. Taking the advantages of spatial encoding, we will introduce fast signal excitation and acquisition schemes (e.g. reduced field-of-view technique, 2D spatial encoding, non-linear sampling) and efficient signal reconstruction algorithms (e.g. partial Fourier transform and compressed sensing) to enhance the resolution and SNR of MR image and localized 2D MR spectrum and shorten the acquisition time. The new methods we established will be capable of ultrafast acquiring in vivo high-resolution MR images and localized 2D MR spectra. The achievements would promote the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in biomedicine.