白叶枯致病菌IV/V型的致病机理及基因编辑技术在抗性育种中的初步应用

白叶枯病是水稻生产中最严重的病害之一，严重制约着水稻的高产、稳产和米质。白叶枯抗性基因长期被应用在抗性水稻的培育中,其抗性机制的研究也相对深入，然而通过基因编辑感病基因使水稻获得白叶枯抗性的研究相对较少。本项目拟通过：（1）克隆白叶枯致病型IV/V型病菌的TAL致病效应子基因，找到TAL在水稻中相对应的感病基因；（2）运用基因编辑技术破坏感病基因启动子区域TAL效应子的顺式结合元件导致感病基因不能被激活，从而产生具有白叶枯抗性的水稻。本项目的成功实施能为深入了解水稻与白叶枯病菌之间相互作用的分子机制提供更多的理论基础，能在实践上为南方稻区白叶枯抗性水稻培育提供更精准的信息和新的抗性资源，并将基因编辑技术初步应用到白叶枯抗性水稻的培育中。

Bacterial blight of rice, which affects the yield and quality of rice severely, is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Resistance (R) genes have been utilized in resistant rice breeding for a long time and the mechanims underneath the resistance response induced by R genes have been well investigated. However, the study on the generation of resistant rice by editing the susceptible gene are relatively less explored. In this project, firstly, we want to clone the tal from IV/V Xathomonas genome and identify TAL effector target genes in rice; subsequently, in order to generate rice plants that are resistant to IV/V Xanthomonas, we will destruct the effector-binding element in the promoter region of susceptible genes, which will prevent the activation of susceptible genes by TAL effectors. The accomplishment of this project will not only provide us a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underneath the interaction between rice and Xanthomonas, but also provide more genetic resource for resistant rice breeding and apply gene-editing technology in generating resistant rice plants.