农村劳动力转移对哈尼梯田生态系统服务的影响研究

中国已进入快速城镇化阶段，大规模的农村劳动力转移对农村的社会、经济、环境造成了深远的影响，然而对于这一过程的生态环境影响的认识还较少，且存在明显的争议。尤其是在少数民族地区，当地社区与自然系统往往共同演化，形成耦合的社会生态系统。劳动力转移作为一种促进社会生态系统解耦的驱动力，其生态环境影响尤其值得关注。本研究以云南省元江流域的哈尼梯田这一独特的文化景观为例，采用社会生态系统的视角，以土地利用作为中间变量，使用农户问卷调查、深度访谈、遥感的方法，结合计量分析和质性分析，研究农村劳动力转移对哈尼梯田生态系统服务的影响及其机制，以此来探讨农村劳动力转移的环境影响，以及社会生态系统解耦的机制及影响。此研究可为少数民族山区劳动力转移、城镇化背景下的农业文化景观保护的政策设计提供支持。

Massive rural labor out-migration has led to profound social, economic and environmental impacts in original area during the rapid urbanization in China. However, understandings of the environmental consequences of labor out-migration in original rural areas remain limited and contradictory. In the mountainous areas of southwest China where local ethnic communities usually co-evolved with their natural environment into a coupled social-ecological system, labor out-migration will act as a decoupling factor. The ecological consequences of this process deserve special attentions. Taking the Hani Terrace, a unique agricultural landscape in Yuanjiang Basin of Yunnan province, as an example, this study will explore the impacts of labor out-migration on the ecosystem services of Hani Terrace. For the perspective of social-ecological system, using land use as a intermediate variable, econometric analysis of household questionnaires data and qualitative analysis of in-depth interview and remote sensing data will be used to explore the impacts of labor out-migration on the provision of ecosystem services of Hani Terrace and the mechanism of this process. This study will contribute to the understanding of environmental impacts of labor out-migration, as well as on the mechanism and consequences of decoupling of social-ecological system. Results of this study could support policy design in fields of labor out-migration in mountainous areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups and conservation of valuable agricultural landscape in context of urbanization.