活性炭含磷基团结构调控及其电化学应用基础研究

本项目旨在研究活性炭领域的一个新方向：含磷活性炭的电化学性质。这一新方向是在本课题组以往系统的磷酸法活性炭研究基础上，并根据近期研究发现而提出的。经深入科学分析，提出并论证了含磷基团在含磷活性炭中存在的三种基本结构，从而抓住了磷元素影响含磷活性炭电化学性质的基本科学问题；在此基础上，创新提出以热处理含磷活性炭为基础，通过改变热处理温度和气氛与浸渍化学助剂的含磷基团结构调控方法。以此为依据，深入研究含磷活性炭的热处理温度、气氛和浸渍化学助剂种类对含磷基团结构的影响，对比分析掌握含磷基团的结构变化规律以及其它杂元素的影响。通过进一步研究含磷活性炭的电催化还原能力和比电容量，分析掌握含磷基团的结构与活性炭电化学性质之间的关系。从而系统掌握含磷基团的结构调控机制以及影响含磷活性炭电化学性质的内在规律，促进活性炭基础理论的发展，为开发高性能的燃料电池和超级电容器等电极材料提供理论指导和技术支持。

The project aims to study the electrochemical properties of phosphorus containding activated carbons that was here put forward as a new direction in the field of activated carbon in terms of our recent findings stemed from our systematic investigations on phosphoric acid activated carbons.Here,three fundamental structures of phosphorus containing groups existed in activated carbons have been proposed and verified by the combination of previous investigation results and fundamental chemical theories via thorough scientific analysis, and also are verified to be the essential factor to influence the electrochemical properties of phosphorus containing activated carbon.According to the argument, a novel and simple approach to regulate the structure of phosphorus containing groups was put forward,in which phosphorus containing activated carbons are heat treated in high temperatures by changing such conditions as temperature,atmosphere and types of chemicals used for impregnation in activated carbons before heat treatment.On the basis of these ideas, thorough investigations will be carried out to elucidate the effect of the heat treatment temperature and atmospheres and types of impregnated chemicals on the structure of phosphorus containing groups in activated carbons, and then a comparative analyis will be performed to show the structure evolution of phosphorus containing groups during heat treatment and the effect of other minor elements in activated carbons on the structure of phosphorus containing groups. Moreover, the project will further invesigate the performance of electricity catalytic reduction and the electrical capacity of phosphorus containing activated carbon to shed lights on the relationship between the structure of phosphorus containing groups and electrochemical properties of activated carbon. All results obtained in this project will provide an insight into the structure regulation mechanism of phosphorus containing groups in activated carbon and lead to an essential understanding of the electrochemical properties of phosphorus containing activated carbons. Thus, the achievements obtained in the project will contribute to the development of basic theories about the properties of activated carbons, and to provide new theory basis and technology support for exploring the electrode with high performance of fuel cells and super capacitors as well.