硅酸盐脉石矿物的高效脱除是氧化矿资源有效利用的前提和基础，然而硅酸盐矿物具有复杂的晶体结构和溶解行为，与常规浮选剂都有一定的非选择性反应活性导致矿物间浮选分离困难。现今的浮选脱硅药剂仍存在各种缺点和不足，如何改进药剂性能，是氧化矿浮选剂研发的主要方向，也是有效利用氧化矿资源亟待解决的技术难题。本项目以主要硅酸盐矿物和季鏻盐浮选剂为研究对象，研究晶体结构与表面性质及浮选行为的关系；结合浮选实践，研究建立硅酸盐矿物的高效季鏻盐浮选剂结构模型，研究季鏻浮选剂/硅酸盐矿物各种相互作用溶液化学行为及复杂界面相互作用；确定季鏻盐类浮选剂的结构-性能关系，并优化、组装新型的季鏻盐浮选剂；最终开发具有代表性的季鏻盐药剂，找到适合硅酸盐浮选的最佳药剂条件，开发高效硅酸盐浮选分离技术，对于解决我国硅酸盐矿物的高效分选和提高该类型矿产资源综合利用率等问题，具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。

The efficient separation of silicate mineral is the basis and prerequisite for the effective utilization of oxidized ore resources. Due to complex crystal structure and dissolution behavior, silicate minerals have certain nonselective reactivity with lots of conventional flotation agents, which leads to difficult flotation separation. Nowadays, there are still various shortcomings and insufficiencies for the flotation agent of desilication. How to improve the pharmaceutical performance is not only the main direction of oxidized ore flotation agent research and development but also the technical problem for the effective utilization of the oxidized ore resources. This project took silicate minerals and quaternary phosphonium salts as research objects. The relationship among the crystal structure and the surface properties and the flotation behavior were studied. A structure model of quaternary phosphonium salts for silicate minerals flotation were built by flotation tests. The solution chemical behaviors and the complex interfacial interactions between quaternary phosphonium salts and silicate minerals were also studied. In order to optimize and design a new series of quaternary phosphonium salts, the structure-property relationship of quaternary phosphonium salts were researched. If efficient quaternary phosphonium salts were designed successfully and the best reagent system was found, it was important doubtlessly both in theory and in practice to efficiently promote the comprehensive utilization of the oxidized ore resources.