人类活动造成的大气CO2浓度增高是近年来全球变暖的主要原因。准确计算人为碳排放对全球不同地区减排政策落实情况起到核查作用。现有根据能源等统计数据推算的排放清单数据具有较大的不确定性，而基于大气观测数据的碳同化系统为人为碳排放的优化计算提供了一种有效的技术途径。利用其优化人为碳排放的研究刚刚起步，尚有许多技术需要发展。本项目拟通过改进基于拉格朗日型大气模式的高分辨率区域碳同化系统，发展同化地基、飞机和卫星多源CO2数据的方法；引进大气CO数据与针对我国区域的高分辨率人为碳排放清单，发展联合同化大气CO2和CO数据优化计算区域人为排放碳通量的方法；结合多种现有全球碳同化结果、人为碳排放清单统计数据、生态系统碳通量模拟估算、地表遥感指标和气象再分析资料，评价碳通量优化计算结果的合理性。本研究将对促进我国碳循环及气候变化科学研究、国际谈判与促进碳交易市场发展具有重要的科学意义和重大的国家需求。

The increase of atmospheric CO2 caused by human activities is the main cause of recent global warming. Accurate quantification of anthropogenic carbon emissions helps to verify the implementation of emission reduction policies in different regions. Existing emission inventory data based on socioeconomic statistics such as energy suffer large uncertainty in different regions. Carbon assimilation system based on atmospheric observation data provides an effective technical way for the optimization calculation of anthropogenic carbon emissions. The research on optimizing anthropogenic carbon emissions with carbon assimilation system has just started, and there are still many technologies to be developed. This project intends to develop the method of assimilating multi-source CO2 data from ground, aircraft and satellites by improving the high-resolution regional carbon assimilation system based on Lagrange atmospheric model, introduce atmospheric CO data and high-resolution anthropogenic carbon emission inventory for China, and developing the method of optimizing regional anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes by jointly assimilating atmospheric CO2 and CO data. The rationality of optimized carbon fluxes will be evaluated against existing global carbon assimilation results, anthropogenic carbon emission inventory statistics, ecosystem carbon flux simulation and estimation, surface remote sensing indicators and meteorological reanalysis data. This study will be of great scientific significance and national demand to promote scientific research on carbon cycle and climate change, international negotiations on carbon mitigation and the development of carbon trading market in China.