产品外形设计的仿生计算研究

工业设计领域的仿生设计主要依靠设计师的感觉、经验和创意，充满了一定的模糊性与不适用性。本项目以生物外形为创意源，结合工业设计、计算机技术和心理学等知识，通过自动设计算法将生物外形融合于产品外形中，辅助设计师完成产品外形的快速拟物化设计与评价，塑造独特的产品形象。以新能源小汽车外形设计为例：（1）运用特征工程方法提取生物外形本征的显性和隐性特征，构建“风格－特征－外形基因”三层表达模型；（2）引入基因概念建立产品外形“通用型基因、可适应型基因和个性化基因”层次表达模型；（3）在基因层面建立生物外形本征与产品外形基因语义的融合模型；（4）建立产品外形仿生设计评价指标体系，通过深度信任网络和基于深度学习的特征提取算法开展多层次优化评价；（5）通过自然计算方法开展产品外形进化设计，使得仿生设计朝着用户期望的方向发展。为多学科交叉研究仿生设计提供新的科学理论和方法，为产品创新设计做出一定的贡献。

In industrial design field, bionic design mainly depends on designers' sensation, experience and creation, which is full of ambiguity and inapplicability. Taken the biological shapes as the creative source, this project will integrate the biological shape into product shape with automatic design computing method to help designer finish rapid skeuomorphic design and evaluation of product shape and to shape the unique product image, in which the knowledge with industrial design, computer technology and psychology is integrated. Taken the new energy car shape design as an example, this project will: (1) extract the explicit and implicit features of biological shape eigen with feature engineering method and build the three-level representation model of style, feature and shape gene; (2) introduce gene concept to set up the representation model of currency gene, adaptable gene and individual gene of product shape; (3) create fusion model between biological shape eigen and product shape on gene level; (4) establish product shape bionic design evaluation system and carry out multi-level optimization with deep belif network and deep learning-based feature extraction algorithm; (5) employ natural computing method to launch evolutionary design of product shape, and lead bionic design to meet user expectation. This project will present new scientific theories and methods for interdisciplinary study of bionic design, and make a contribution to product innovation design.