极干旱区地气活动规律与形成机理研究

地气是指地表以下土壤内的气体，存在年/日尺度脉动。在极干旱区，地气中的水汽是深埋潜水运移的主要形式，是生态系统赖以生存的主要水分来源，同时，也是洞窟文物劣化的关键因子。地气是深埋矿物元素到达地表的潜在运营方式，它与雾霾、扬尘等天气的形成关系密切。然而，目前地气尚未得到全面科学系统的监测，其活动规律和形成机理尚不完全清楚。为此，笔者通过现代仪器科学监测地气活动特征，研究地气在变温层中日活动与年活动的相互影响；应用封闭系统研究地气活动潜力，分析温度、气压、体积与土壤质地、水分、盐分、吸附能力的相互影响，明确地气的活动规律及形成机理，为极干旱区洞窟文物保护、生态环境、矿物勘探和雾霾防治提供科学依据。同时，古代地气的监测称之为候气，是制定节气与历法的依据。应用自然科学与考古学的结合，揭示古代候气原理与方法。这不但可为现代地气研究提供有价值的线索，而且可为中华文明的探源提供新的着力点和科学依据。

The term earth-air refers to the air inside the soil. It occurs pulsations on daily and yearly timescales. The water vapor present in earth-air is the main form of transportation for deeply-buried phreatic water in extra-arid areas, is the main water source of the ecological system, and plays a key role in the degradation of the cultural relics found in caves. At the same time, earth-air is the potential mode of transporting mineral elements which were deeply-buried underground and were carried to the surface. Earth-air is closely related to the formation of haze, fog and dust weather. Currently, however, earth-air is not scientifically, systematically, and completely monitored, and its regularities and mechanism are not completely clear. For this reason, the authors try to scientifically monitor earth-air to study the relationship between annual and diurnal activities in the hetero-thermo-zone. Using a closed system to study protentional earth-air and analyze the water content, salinity, adsorption of soil influence on the activity of earth-air. A scientific basis can be built upon protection of cultural relics of caves and the ecological restoration of extra-arid areas, contains with mineral exploration and haze control. At the same time, the monitoring earth-air in ancient time was called hou-qi, which was the basis of making solar terms and calendars. The project, which combines modern methods of using the natural sciences and archaeology to reveal the principles and methods underlying hou-qi. The results will not only provide valuable clues for the study of modern earth-air, but also provide a new action point and scientific proof for the exploration of Chinese civilization.