高强韧高导大尺寸铜基复合材料的制备基础研究

面向高铁和超大规模集成电路等重大工程对大尺寸铜基复合材料的迫切需求，本项目针对铜基复合材料粉末和具有构型设计的大尺寸铜基复合材料的制备科学基础展开研究。首先，提出双流束混合雾化原位合成铜基复合材料粉末的方法，采用晶体相场模型、相场法和同步辐射技术相结合，研究原位反应与微滴凝固相耦合的复杂物理过程，揭示原位合成铜基复合粉末组织形成机制和演变规律。进一步，提出将复合粉末中陶瓷增强体与合金粉末中相变析出纳米质点形成的“多级多相强化”与“构型”设计相结合的策略，采用拟实结合，研究增强体空间配置关系对材料性能的影响，阐明兼备强韧化和高导的铜基复合材料空间构型设计规律。形成铜基复合材料粉末以及大尺寸铜基复合材料可控制备技术原型。研究成果不仅为大尺寸铜基复合材料的制备提出新思路和新方法，而且可将其进一步拓展到镍基、钛基等金属基复合材料领域，为更多的“中国制造”装备“中国芯”奠定“材料先行”的基础。

In order to meet the urgent need for large-size copper matrix composites in major projects such as high-speed railway and super-large-scale integration circuit, the basic research on the fabrication of copper matrix composites powders and large-size composites with architecture designs is proposed in this project. Firstly, the in-situ preparation strategy for the synthesis of copper matrix composite powders is developed by combining double-beam melts with gas atomization. Moreover, the phase field (crystal) simulation and synchrotron radiation technique will be employed to investigate the complex physical process coupling in-situ reaction with droplet solidification, and the microstructure-evolution of composite powders will be revealed. Then, the strategy of the architecture design in combine with the multi-level multi-phase synergistic strengthening of ceramic reinforcement in composite powders and nanoscale precipitation in alloy powders is proposed. Furthermore, the effect of spatial distribution of different reinforcements on the properties of copper matrix composites is studied by simulation and experiment. Thus the principle of architecture design for the copper matrix composites with high strength, high ductility and high conductivity will be clarified. Finally, the technology prototypes for the controllable fabrication of the copper matrix composite powders and the large-size composite counterparts are presented. This project not only provides a new approach to prepare large-size copper matrix composites, but also can be extended to the field of other metal matrix composites, such as Ni-based and Ti-based composites, which can lay the foundation of “materials in advance” for equipping more “Made in China” products with “Chinese core”.