水系锌离子电池具有成本低、环境友好、无毒性等优点成为研究热点，锰基材料溶解、钒基材料电位过低和放电初期容量低等问题亟待解决。核壳结构材料在储能领域应用大放异彩，但在锌离子电池中的研究相对较少。本项目以多壳层空心碳微球为切入点，通过异步相继成核、选择性掺杂、限域合成和原位转化四个过程，构造出异质多壳层核壳结构V2O5/MnO2复合微球。考察限域空间对钒基内核、壳层形貌和结构的影响；探讨碳壳层对锰基原位转化的影响及形貌、结构的决定作用；研究复合微球的表界面特性、晶体结构及元素分布，探讨核、壳层和界面的结合方式，确立结构、形貌与电化学性能的构效关系，建立各组分对微球结构、形貌和性能的独立、联动影响机制；探索锌离子在界面和核壳内部离子扩散和电子迁移的差异，建立界面扩散机制，阐明电化学储锌机理。本项目实施为异质多壳层核壳材料在锌离子电池中应用提供了系统的理论指导和有价值的借鉴，具有良好工业应用前景。

The aqueous zinc-ion batteries have attracted general interests owing to their low cost, environmental friendliness and non-toxicity. The solution of manganese-based materials and the low electric potential and the initial discharge capacity troughs of the vanadium-based materials will be urgently overcome. The core-shell materials have been widely used in energy storage, however their utilizations have been barely explored in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Based on the multi-shell hollow carbon microspheres, the core-shelled V2O5/MnO2 microspheres with heterogeneous and multi-shelled structre will be synthesized via asynchronous sequential nucleation, selective doping, confinement synthesis and in-situ transformation. The major impact of confinement void on the morphologies and structures of vanadium-based core and shells, and the influence of carbon shells on the morphologies and structures for in-situ transformation of manganese-based shells will be systematically discussed. The surface and interface properties, crystal structure and element distribution will be investigated; the combined form of core, shell and interface will be explored; and the structure-activity relationships of morphological structure and electrochemical properties for microspheres will be established. The independent and linkage impact mechanisms among the structure, morphology and properties of microspheres will be developed. Moreover, the diversities of zinc ion diffusion and electron migration between interface and core of microspheres will be ascertained, the mechanisms of interface diffusion and zinc storage will be established. The successful implementation of this project will provide excellent application prospects, systematic theoretical guidance and valuable reference for the application of heterogeneous and multi-shelled materials in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.