先天性巨细胞病毒感染（cCMV）是儿童感觉神经性耳聋的最主要病因。过去错误认为抗体阳性孕妇生育的新生儿较少出现严重临床后果，近年越来越多的研究显示孕期再发感染孕妇是cCMV的主要来源。在我国几乎所有育龄女性均为CMV抗体阳性。既往研究多关注于孕期的原发性感染导致的cCMV，且对先天性CMV感染的相关因素往往围绕某一独立环节开展，受困于诸多混杂或偏倚因素的干扰。在孕期CMV垂直传播过程中，病毒、母体和胎儿的某类因素特征，或其综合相互作用，均可能提高垂直传播风险，如社会环境因素、病毒型别与载量、感染发生时期、母体免疫状况、母体代谢变化等。本课题拟依托上一课题中建立的国内唯一的以cCMV为主要研究目标且从孕早期延续至出生后的大型纵向母婴队列，采用以巢式病例对照设计为主的多种研究方法，同时从社会人口学、病毒学、免疫学、代谢组学维度，探索cCMV及其相关不良妊娠结局、后遗症的危险因素。

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children, which can be improved significantly by early diagnosis. In China, most of childbearing females are seropositive. Recently, increasing observations demonstrate the majority of cCMV result from non-primary maternal CMV infection during pregnancy. Although Published studies have showed some related factors of cCMV, none of them can be applied to the early diagnosis of cCMV. Traditional studies focused on single or certain factors on this topic are inevitably confounded by other factors. In this research, basing on a well-established cohort, we plan to confirm the risk factors associated with cCMV and adverse clinic outcomes from wide exploration in sociodemographic factors, virology, immunology and metabonomics, which can be efficiently applied in identifying population with high risk of CMV vertical transmission and related adverse clinic outcomes, and further to promote early diagnosis.