黄铜矿浸出的极端强酸环境有助于消除黄钾铁矾钝化行为。嗜酸硫杆菌可利用硫氧化供给能量并产生大量H+，与极端酸环境紧密相关。课题组长期耐酸定向驯化的嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌，呈现优良耐受极端酸胁迫生理特性（～pH0.2），然而对其内在调控机制仍缺乏机理性认识。本项目以3株处于不同进化阶段嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌为研究对象，利用GC-MS、膜片钳和荧光双染技术，分析膜脂组成、膜电流电压、氢传递能量水平、离子通道结构和膜通透性差异，解析细胞膜电生理对酸胁迫的应激机制。比较胞质微环境能量辅因子、电子传递体、氨基酸代谢和应激严谨反应因子等生理参数波动，揭示极端酸胁迫下胞质微环境调控机制。通过转录、蛋白质组学分析和凝胶阻滞技术，鉴定反式作用因子调控硫氧化关键酶靶基因（smg）方式，进而阐明该菌株膜生理-胞质微环境-反式作用因子-硫氧化调控模式-极端酸环境适应性作用机制。本项目可为选育高耐受环境胁迫的浸矿菌提供科学依据。

The extremely high-acid condition was beneficial to eliminate the passivation behavior of the jarosite in chalcopyrite bioleaching. Acidithiobacillus sp. can obtain energy from sulfur oxidation and produce large amounts of H+, which are closely related to extreme acid environments. Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, being directly acid-adapted by a long term, showed a stronger physiological characteristic in resisting acid stress (～pH0.2). However, the internal control mechanism is still not understood. In this research, three strains of A. thiooxidans from different stages of evolution are used as objects. With the assistance of GC-MS, patch clamp and fluorescent double staining tools, the membrane lipid composition, membrane current voltage, hydrogen transfer energy level, and ion channel structure are analyzed, which help reveal the response mechanism to acid stress. The changes of cytokines and microenvironment energy cofactors, electron mediators, amino acid metabolism and stress response factors are compared to reveal the related mechanism of cytoplasmic microenvironment under extreme acid stress. With the analysis of transcriptomics, proteomics and gel retardation adoption, the key fundamental protein is explored and its regulatory model for regulating the key enzyme target gene (smg) in sulfur-oxidization is identified. Based on the above studies, the physiological response mechanism in resisting acid stress will be illustrated from the multi-angels of membrane physiology-intracellular physiology-trans-acting factor-sulfur oxidation mode-environmental adaptation in extremely acid stress. The project will provide a scientific basis for directly modifying bioleaching strain with the high ability in resisting environmental stress.