底物自抑制是限制厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺稳定运行的重要因素。针对亚硝酸盐对厌氧氨氧化反应的抑制机理和功能微生物生态机制不明确这一科学问题，本项目拟组建可控的anammox系统，全面考察系统对亚硝酸盐因子的响应规律、潜在机制及相关调控过程。一方面，综合分析系统的运行效果及各项表观特征，通过大量微生物样本的测序分析，从功能微生物生态过程角度，深度解析关键功能微生物响应规律，阐明种群结构及群落演替过程。在此基础上，重点研究优势微生物和稀有微生物的分布特征、动态平衡及其在时间和空间维度上发展的拓扑规律、种间互作关系。另一方面，以特征代谢产物为指示因子，建立有效的反应器工况预警系统，以实现污水处理过程的稳定、高效运行。本项目从宏观和微观两个层面深度解析anammox工艺，对于全面评估和调控优化厌氧氨氧化处理系统具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义。

Substrate self-inhibition is an important factor limiting the stable operation of the anammox process. This work is proposed to tackle the problems regarding the inhibition mechanism of anammox by nitrite and the ecological mechanism of functional microorganisms. Controllable anammox systems will be established to comprehensively investigate the system response patterns on nitrite, its underlying mechanisms and the related regulatory processes. First, the operation performance and the associated parameters will be systematically examined. Mega-microbial samples will be analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, thus identifying the key functional microorganisms and their responses. The microbial community structure and succession in the anammox process will be illustrated. Then more detailed studies will focus on the distribution characteristics, dynamic equilibrium of dominant and rare microorganisms, their topological regularity in the time and space dimensions, and the interaction between the species. At the same time, an effective early-warning system based on reactor operating conditions will be established by characteristic metabolites, thus ensuring the stable system operation and efficient wastewater treatment. The work is expected to conduct in-depth investigation on anammox process from both macro and micro levels. The successful implementation of the project is of great theoretical value and practical significance for comprehensive evaluation, regulation and optimization of the anammox treatment system.