中医五行推理的逻辑解析与ERP及fMRI的实证研究

五行学说是中医学建构的哲学基础，五行推理是五行学说的核心，其与类比推理相近而不尽相同。既往的五行推理研究以传统经典逻辑方法居多，伴随逻辑的认知转向，从认知神经科学视域研究实际推理过程已成为经典逻辑推理的拓展。本项目先从逻辑学的立场解析中医五行推理，认为五行推理模式是推类，且蕴含两种推理，即“同行”内成员的类比归纳和“行”与“行”间成员生克关系的推理；继以事件相关电位（ERP）和功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，依次观察五行“同行”内属性归类推理、五行“行”与“行”间生克关系推理、五行推理与科学类比推理之异同。通过分析进行五行推理任务时大脑的神经电生理活动及神经元活动引发的血液动力变化，发现五行推理使用者的大脑波形及脑网络功能连接变化特征。从认知神经科学的视角，揭示五行推理特异性的神经机制。研究融合中医学、逻辑学、认知神经科学的理念与方法，聚焦于中医思维研究前沿，势将促进中医认知科学的发展。

The five-element theory is the philosophical foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and the reasoning of five elements is the core of the five-element theory. Five-element reasoning and analogy reasoning are close but not the same. The research on the five-element reasoning in the past was mostly based on the classical traditional logic methods. With the cognitive turn of logic research, the research on the actual reasoning process from the perspective of neuroscience has become an extension of classical logic reasoning. The study first analyzes the five-element reasoning from a logical standpoint, it considers that the five-element reasoning mode is analogy, and contains two types, that is, the analogical inductive reasoning of the members in the same element and the reasoning of the engendering and restriction relationship of the members between different types of elements. And then uses the techniques of event-related potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe the classification of members in the five elements, the reasoning about the relationship between five elements, the similarities and differences between the five elements and general analogical reasoning in turn. By analyzing the neuroelectrophysiological activity of the brain and the hemodynamic changes caused by neuron activity during the five-element reasoning task, it will find that the five-element reasoning user's change characteristics of brain waveform and brain network functional connection. From the perspective of cognitive neuroscience, the study aims to reveal the neural mechanisms specific of the five-elements reasoning. The research integrates the concepts and methods of TCM, logic, and cognitive neuroscience, and focuses on the frontiers of TCM thinking research, which will promote the development of TCM cognitive science.