基于大分子设计与合成制备具有三维各向异性功能水凝胶的研究

肌肉是一种由有序取向排列肌细胞包围结缔组织构成的三维各向异性规整的生物组织，这样的三维各向异性的规整结构使其在不同方向展现了各异的物理机械性能。传统水凝胶由于分子结构的无序性，通常呈现各向同性的性能。在拟开展的研究中，拟设计合成规整的嵌段大分子，然后通过控制大分子的聚集状态形成规整有序的柱状、层状纳米微相分离结构，采用物理或化学交联方法使得其中的一个相区的链段锁定，形成在水溶液中既不溶解也不溶胀的微相，而另一微相的分子链段展现良好的吸水性和自由伸展性，从而形成锁定-溶胀微相有序交替的水凝胶。拟利用锁定微相在特定方向限制作用，使得凝胶只能向特定的方向膨胀伸展，所以其在空间方向上呈现各异的物理机械性能。最后，拟通过调整嵌段聚合物的链段参数，调控凝胶的微相结构和功能，制备多功能三维有序各向异性水凝胶。本项目的开展丰富了构建新结构凝胶材料的方法，为有序各向异性凝胶的研发与制备提供了新的思路。

Muscle is a kind of three-dimensional anisotropy biological tissue consisting of orderly-oriented arrangement of muscle cells surrounded by connective tissue, and this three-dimensional anisotropy arrangement structure affords it very special physical and mechanical properties. Traditional hydrogels exhibit the performance of isotropics due to the disorder of molecular structures. In the proposed study, the well-defined multi-blok copolymers will be designed and synthesized. By controlling the aggregation of the synthesized macromolecules, the structure with the coherent and orderly column, or layered nano-microphase separation is formed. One of the microphases in the block polymer-based hydrogel is to be locked by physical or chemical crosslinking methods, making it not dissolved in the water solution. In the other hand, the polymer chain segments in the other microphase of the designed hydrogel show good water absorption and free stretching, thus forming a gel with the regular and ordered microphase as crosslinking points. Due to the well-organized microphase locking, the gel can only expand in a specific dimensional direction. As a result, it presents different physical and mechanical properties in the spatial direction. Hence, by changeing the chain segment parameters of the synthesized block polymers, the microphase structure and function of the gels can be adjusted, and the functional hydrogel of three-dimensional anisotropy can be prepared. This three-dimensional anisotropy functional gel is expected to have important application value in the field of wearable electronics and bionic functional materials.