影响宁乡猪脂质代谢的肠道关键微生物挖掘及其作用机制研究

宁乡猪作为我国重要的地方品种之一，具有优良的肉质性状，但宁乡猪肉质尚存在瘦肉率低、背膘厚等缺点。脂质代谢是肉质形成的重要因素，研究宁乡猪脂质代谢对改善肉品质具有重要意义。项目组前期研究发现肠道微生物广泛参与宿主脂质代谢，而介导宁乡猪脂质代谢的肠道关键微生物及其作用机制仍不清楚。本项目拟通过宁乡猪与瘦肉型长白猪粪便微生物相互移植，检测微生物移植后肠道菌群组成和脂质代谢相关指标，以考察肠道微生物对宁乡猪脂质代谢的影响。同时，基于Pearson关联分析，挖掘影响宁乡猪脂质代谢肠道关键微生物。通过无菌猪和宁乡猪定植试验，进一步确定关键微生物调控宿主脂质代谢的作用。利用多组学联合分析，解析宁乡猪肠道关键微生物影响脂质代谢的分子机制。本项目的研究将为宁乡猪脂质代谢营养调控提供理论支撑，为更好地利用宁乡猪资源、开发优质猪肉提供技术保障。

Ningxiang pig, an important domesticated breeds in China, has excellent pork quality but relatively low lean percentage and thick backfat. Lipid metabolism is a main factor influencing pork quality, therefore exploring lipid metabolism is a feasible approach to improving pork quality. Previous research findings of our project team have suggested that gut microbiota are involved in the lipid metabolism of the host, but which microbes participate in the metabolic process are still unclear. In the present project, fecal transportation between Ningxiang pigs and lean type Landrace pigs is conducted to determine gut microbiota composition and lipid metabolism-related indexes after transplantation, so as to explore the effects of gut microbiota on lipid metabolism of Ningxiang pigs. Meanwhile, the key gut microbes affecting the lipid metabolism of Ningxiang pig are mined using Pearson correlation analysis. Afterwards, the role of key microbes in host lipid metabolism is validated by microbial colonization in gem-free pigs and Ningxiang pigs. Lastly, integrated analyses of multi-omics data are carried out to clarify the molecular mechanism of how the key microbial species influence the lipid metabolism in Ningxiang pigs. This study will provide solid theoretical support for nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism in Ningxiang pigs, and offer technical support for better utilization of this pig breeds and production of high-quality pork.