基于所有者与惠顾者同一性程度的中国农民合作社演化机理与政策设计研究

近年来农民合作社数量快速增长、类型日益多样，但质量效益参差不齐，甚至出现了大量“虚假合作社”等情况。这种情况同我国的农民合作社演化实践与经典合作社关于成员身份同一性原则的偏离密切相关。但如何理解与治理这种偏离，理论界的观点并不一致。为此，本研究着眼于成员身份同一性差异的中国农民合作社演化规律，对“演化到什么了格局”、“演化会带来什么”“为什么会这么演化”和“如何应对今后的演化”四个方面展开了理论和实证分析。首先，在理论上建立同一性程度与农民合作社演化类型的关系，刻画当前中国农民合作社演化图谱；再基于一手资料对同一性程度与农民合作社多维产出的量化关系进行实证分析，然后，从合作社分化、异化两个维度实证检验中国农合作社演化的“环境适应论”、“效率竞争论”、“禀赋驱动论”和“惯例遗传论”四大假说；最后，在分析检验政府支持策略有效性的基础上，提出完善中国特色农民合作社发展政策体系的建议。

In recent years, the number and types of farmers' cooperatives are increasing rapidly, but the quality and efficiency are very different, and even a large number of "false cooperatives" have appeared. This situation is closely related to the deviation of the evolution practice of China's farmers’ cooperatives from the principle of the identity of the owners and customers of the classic cooperatives. But how to understand and manage this kind of deviation is not the same in theory. Therefore, this study focuses on the evolutionary law of Chinese farmer cooperatives with different membership identity, and makes theoretical and empirical analysis on "what pattern has evolved", "what will be brought about by evolution", "why will it evolve like this" and "how to deal with the future evolution". First of all, the relationship between the degree of identity and the evolution type of farmers' cooperatives is theoretically established, and the evolution map of Chinese farmers' cooperatives is depicted. Secondly, based on the first-hand data, this paper analyzes the quantitative relationship between the degree of identity and the multidimensional output of farmers' cooperatives. Then, it empirically tests the four hypotheses of "environment adaptation theory", "efficiency competition theory", "endowment driving theory" and "routine inheriting theory" in the evolution of China's agricultural cooperatives from two dimensions of differentiation and alienation. Finally, based on the analysis and test of the effectiveness of the government support strategy, this paper puts forward suggestions to improve the development policy system of farmers' cooperatives with Chinese characteristics.