源于四倍体小麦广谱抗条锈基因Yr53的克隆及其抗病机制初探

条锈病是严重危害小麦生产的病害之一，种植抗病品种是防治小麦条锈病最经济有效的方法。申请人前期利用分子标记从四倍体小麦PI480148中鉴定了新的抗条锈基因Yr53。该基因具有长效广谱抗性，对目前所有已鉴定的中国和美国流行小种均表现出高抗。含有Yr53的普通小麦种质PI679598应用于小麦育种中，均显著增强小麦条锈病抗性。本项目拟利用已构建的作图群体BC3F2，使用660K小麦基因组芯片开发新的分子标记，完成Yr53的精细定位；通过筛选BAC文库，采用图位克隆、SMRT等技术克隆Yr53；应用基因沉默、基因编辑、转基因技术等验证基因功能；通过基因结构分析、组织细胞学观察，结合转录组和代谢组关联分析等初步探明Yr53的抗病分子机制。本研究成果将为小麦条锈病的抗性遗传改良提供长效、广谱的抗病基因资源，同时为揭示新的广谱抗病作用分子机制奠定坚实的基础。

Wheat stripe rust of is one of the most devastated diseases in wheat production. Planting resistant varieties is the most economical and effective method to control wheat stripe rust. In the previous study, the applicant identified a new stripe rust resistance gene Yr53 in durum wheat PI480148 by molecular mapping. As an all stage & race-nonspecific resistance gene, Yr53 shows great resistance to all identified races in both US and China. In past years, the common wheat germplasm PI679598 with Yr53 has provided strong and stable resistance in many wheat breeding groups worldwide. This project intends to use the constructed fine mapping population BC3F2, develop molecular markers using Affymetrix Wheat660 chip, screen BAC library, clone Yr53 by map-based cloning and SMRT sequencing, and use transgenic or gene editing technology to verify its function. The Cytological and Physiological variation will be observed to understand the interaction between wheat and the rust pathogen. The Metabolomics and transcriptomics association analysis will be deployed to describe the resistance reaction pathway. Clone Yr53 and analyze its gene structure will not only provide powerful support to marker-assisted breeding of Yr53 but also shed light on the new molecular mechanism of durable broad-spectrum resistance.