木耳属是高等担子菌中的一个重要类群，该属的很多种类具有重要的经济价值，黑木耳和毛木耳都是中国主要的栽培食用真菌。但该属真菌研究的一些重要基础问题还没有解决，主要表现在：1）对我国木耳属的种类缺乏系统研究，很多名称应用混乱（包括一些非法名称在使用）；2）该属内不同物种间系统发育关系不清楚；3）该属中重要栽培种类野生种群的遗传多样性尚未分析。这些都是制约我国木耳属进一步研发的科学问题。因此，本项目拟在前期研究工作的基础上，对我国木耳属种类进行系统研究，论述我国木耳属的种类多样性；并在此基础上应用多基因序列对木耳属进行系统发育分析，阐述我国木耳属不同种类间的亲缘关系；在大量分离野生黑木耳菌株的基础上，以ISSR和SRAP两种分子标记开展该种的遗传多样性分析。研究结果将对我国木耳属物种多样性和种间亲缘关系有一个全面认识；不同区域和同一区域野生黑木耳的遗传差异分析，将为黑木耳的遗传育种提供理论基础。

Auricularia is one of the important groups of Basidiomycota, because many species in the genus have important economic values; Auricularia auricula-judae and A. polytricha are the important cultivated mushrooms in China. However, some essential and questions on studies of the genus have not been answered, e.g. 1) the species diversity of Auricularia is poorly known, and many species names are confusedly applied, including some invalid names; 2) the phylogeny of the species in the genus is not clear; 3) the genetic diversity of the wild populations of the cultivated species is not analyzed. These are the key scientific questions for further studies and applications on Auricularia. In the present project, the species diversity and taxonomy of Auricularia in China will be systematically studied; phylogentic analyses on the Chinese species of the genus will be carried out based on multi-gene sequences, and phylogentic relationships among these species will be outlined; genetic diversity on the wild populations of Auricularia auricula-judae will be demonstrated using ISSR and SRAP markers based on the strains isolated from different parts of China. This study will provide a comprehensive result on the species diversity and phylogeny of Auricularia. In addition, the knowledge on genetic diversity of wild Auricularia auricula-judae will be imporant for breedings of the species.