狭长抗撞结构的耐撞性拓扑优化方法及其拓扑结构范本

独特的狭长特征给抗撞结构设计带来困难：①设计域长宽比与长高比均大，现有耐撞性拓扑优化方法存在计算困难且结果中有大量中间密度材料和小构件，致结果不实用；②目前用于狭长结构的拓扑优化方法，是基于线弹性力学的，不能用于抗撞结构设计；③因安全标准不同，且受知识产权保护，致我国的抗撞结构设计难以套用美日欧的拓扑结构；④国际上虽正兴起对狭长抗撞结构的研究，但已有成果少，可供工程设计参考的更少。项目开展四项研究：一是基于基结构周期模块拼装的狭长结构耐撞性拓扑优化算法，解决抗撞结构设计既要碰撞最大加速度小又要结构最大变形量小的矛盾，并解决惯性效应与应变率效应对拓扑构型的影响。二是基于木桶原理的多拓扑构型决策方法，以便从Pareto解集遴选既经得住安全标准考验，也经得住真实事故考验的最优拓扑构型。三是基结构与总体设计区域的匹配关系,深度挖掘材料潜力。四是试验验证理论后再研究提出供工程设计参考的拓扑结构范本。

The long and narrow characteristic of anti-collision structures has brought the following new design difficulties: (1) both the length-width ratio and length-height ratio in a design domain are large, and the existing crashworthiness topology optimization methods have calculation difficulties and their results include large distribution of medium density material and small components leading to impractical results; (2) the topology optimization methods currently applied to long and narrow structures are based on the assumption of linear elastic and thus cannot be used in the design of anti-collision structures; (3) the designs of anti-collision structures in China cannot use the typological structures developed in America, Japan and Europe, due to different safety standards and intellectual property protection; (4) although the studies of long and narrow anti-collision structures are gaining worldwide popularity, but only a few have results, and even fewer typological structures can be referred to. This study therefore focuses on four aspects: (i) the contradiction between the smallest requirement of maximum acceleration and structure deformation in the anti-collision structure design, and also the inertia and strain rate effects on a topological configuration are solved by a proposed typology optimization algorithm for narrow and long anti-collision structures based on the base structure and periodically module assembling; (ii) a multi-topology configuration decision-making method based on Barrel Theory is developed to enable the optimal topology configuration selected from the PARETO solution set to fulfil the requirement of both safety standard and real traffic accidents; (iii) the matching relationship between the base structure and overall design is studied to fully utilize the potential of materials; (iv) After the theoretical research results of this project are verified by experiments, the topological structure samples that can be referred by engineering designs are achieved by further study.