土壤-空气耦合下馆藏遗址文物病害环境致因及赋存环境调控理论研究

遗址博物馆具有空间高大开放、空调能耗高、文物赋存条件复杂、环境需求多样等特征，由土壤-空气耦合环境不平衡引起的病害已成为馆藏遗址文物劣化的重要原因，而现有博物馆环境调控理论并不能满足耦合赋存环境需求，因此，掌握多介质赋存环境对遗址文物病害的作用机制，构建适宜赋存环境是实现遗址文物预防性保护的关键。本项目以兵马俑为例，通过现场监测及采样分析、水-土-气多场耦合试验舱实验和CFD模拟等手段，解耦土壤-空气赋存环境要素对遗址文物劣化的热力-动力作用机制，阐明遗址文物干裂、盐分富集等病害的环境致因机理并提出适宜赋存环境调控标准；探究无内热源条件下遗址文物区局部通风驱动机制及空间热力分层规律，构建大空间遗址展厅文物局部环境调控理论；综合评估游客环境对文物赋存环境的影响，厘定游客-文物赋存环境分异调控模式。项目研究成果可为馆藏遗址文物病害的抑制及适宜遗址文物赋存环境的构建与调控提供理论方法和技术手段。

Archaeological museums usually have the characteristics of large open space layout, high-energy consumption，complex preservation conditions and diverse environmental demands. Improper preservation condition due to soil-air coupled environment is the main causations for the historical sites’ deteriorations. However, all of the present environmental control strategies aim to provide suitable preservation environment for the collections in showcases, which are usually incapable for the historical sites preserved in air-soil coupled environment. Environmental control is a crucial important way to alleviate deterioration and improve the preservation condition for historical sites. Taking Emperor Qin’s Mausoleum Archaeology Museum as the example, the following researches, by on site sampling analysis, experimental test in Multi-field test Chamber, and CFD simulation, will be conducted: i) the relationship between preservation environment and historical sites’ damages will be decoupled and the environmental causes of deterioration in earthen sites will be clarified. Then, appropriate preservation environment to inhibit the relics’ deterioration will be proposed. ii) The driving mechanism and thermal stratification feature of the local ventilation system in the absence of internal heat sources will be researched and the local environmental control theory for the historical site preservation area will be built. iii) The impact mechanism of tourist environment on historical site preservation environment will be revealed and the differentiation environmental control model for visitors and historical sites in a large space exhibition hall will be constructed. The findings of the research will lay the foundation for the practical application of the systems.