眼蕈蚊科是双翅目昆虫中物种多样性最高的类群之一，尽管该类群具有显著的生态价值和经济意义，其生物多样性的研究至今还有限，目前已知物种数量仅约占全世界物种数的0.5%。迟眼蕈蚊属是该科物种最丰富的属，在分类工作中存在一些物种界定不清、属内系统发育关系不明等科学问题。在本研究团队对该类群昆虫长期研究和积累的基础上，本项目将综合雄成虫形态特征、DNA条形码技术和线粒体基因组高通量测序分析，对迟眼蕈蚊属进行准确的物种鉴定，明确物种界定标准尤其是分子标准，基本查明中国种类；构建形态和线粒体基因组的系统发育树，厘定迟眼蕈蚊属，探明近缘属及各种团的系统演化关系；对定点采集和参照样本进行高通量数据进行分析，阐明中国迟眼蕈蚊属的物种多样性和特点。研究结果为深入研究双翅目昆虫高度生物多样性的形成机制和进化历程奠定基础，并对眼蕈蚊害虫鉴定、昆虫多样性资源保护、森林生态系统恢复等方面具有十分重要的实践意义。

Sciaridae is a one of the most highly diverse family in Diptera. Dispite its ecological importance and significant damage in mushroom houses, taxonomic work of the group has been limited. Recent estimates suggest that only 0.5% species of the group has been described. Bradysia Winnertz is the most speciose genus of the family, that is highly homogeneous and approved to be polyphyly. On the basis of decades of study on the taxon, the proposal is to research the systematics of Bradysia, with morphological characters, DNA barcodes and high-throughput genome sequencing and analysis. The species would be properly identified with clear criterion, particularly the molecular standard for species. Phylogenetic analysis would be carried out based on the morphological data and mitochondrial sequences, to find out the phylogeny relationships among the species-groups and allied genera. High-throughput data of tropical sites and voucher specimens would be analyzed, to indicate the biodiversity of the taxa and evaluate patterns of species richness. The results of the research are expected to promote the study on the evolution mechanism of the highly biodiversity of Diptera insects, and have very important practical significance in the identification of insect pests, the protection of insects diversity resources and the restoration of forest ecosystems.