放射性有机废液水泥固化配方优化及机理研究

在铀矿冶、核科学研究和乏燃料后处理过程中都会产生主要成份为磷酸三丁脂和煤油组成的放射性有机废液，该类废液的处理是世界性难题。国家禁止放射性有机废液的运输，通过水泥固化将其转化成可以满足运输和处置要求的固化体是工程应用的最可行技术。但是有机废液和水泥的不相容性会导致固化体中有机废液包容量小，固化体强度低、有机废液容易浸出等缺陷。前期探索性研究表明将有机废液吸附和乳化可以显著提高固化效果，但有机废液在固化体中的存在状态、固化体中有机废液的浸出特性等工程应用关心的基础科学问题尚未能深入研究。本项目将通过微观结构分析，探索体系有机废液的包容机制和浸出过程，最终从理论上解释乳化后固化效果显著提高的机理。同时在理论指导下将对前期实验配方进行优化进一步提高有机废液的包容量和固化体性能，最终为废有机废液水泥固化技术在核设施的工程应用奠定理论基础和科学依据。

During the process of uranium mining, nuclear science researches and purified extraction of spent fuel reprocessing, a certain amount of radioactive organic waste liquid which mainly contains tributyl phosphate and sulfonated kerosene will be produced. Treatment of this type of waste is a worldwide problem. The transportation of radioactive liquid waste is forbidden，therefore, converting the waste liquid into solid form by cementation to meet the requirements of transportation and disposal is the most feasible technology for engineering applications. However, the incompatibility of organic waste water and cement leads to defects such as low loading of organic waste liquid, low solidification strength and high leaching rate. Early exploratory researches showed that the organic liquid waste could be effectively solidified after absorption and emulsification. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the fundamental aspects of engineering applications such as the status of organic phase in cement and the leaching characters of the organic liquid. The mechanism of the solidification process and the leaching properties will be explored by microstructure analysis. The experimental phenomenon will also be explained. The primary cementation prescription will be optimized to increase the waste load and performance of the solid. The theoretical foundation and scientific base for application of radioactive organic waste cementation technology in nuclear facilities will be established.