中国空柄牛肝菌科真菌的系统发育与物种多样性研究

空柄牛肝菌科真菌具有重要的生态价值、经济价值和科研价值，多数物种为许多树木的外生菌根菌，一些物种又是著名的食用菌或药用菌。该科真菌形态多样、结构复杂，分布广泛，种间系统亲缘关系复杂，目前主要存在以下问题：（1）国产种类多数沿用欧美物种的名称，误定率高，缺乏与欧美相近种类的对比研究；（2）我国该科真菌的物种多样性认识还十分欠缺，大量新种急需描述；（3）缺乏全面的分子系统学研究数据，该科属下种间的系统亲缘关系尚不明确。本项目拟在大量取样基础上，利用形态解剖、超微结构研究、分子系统发育、生态观察等多种方法，综合研判该科的系统发育问题，阐明该科的演化谱系和物种间的系统亲缘，提出空柄牛肝菌科物种划分的标准，精准界定该科物种。本项目的开展对揭示空柄牛肝菌科的演化谱系和科下属内物种间的系统亲缘，以及物种多样性具有重要的科学意义。同时，对食用菌资源的挖掘、保护和利用具有重要的现实意义。

Fungi of Gyroporaceae are not only of important ecological value, but also of economic and scientific values. Most species within the family form ectomycorrhizal symbioses with various tree species, benefiting a wide range of forest trees. Some species are well-known edible or medicinal mushrooms. Currently, there are following scientific problems in this family: (1) the identification of species in this family from China need to be verified, especially those referenced to the names of European or North American species, need to be reconfirmed whether they are conspecific or not; (2) The knowledge about the diversity of the species in the family in China is seriously scanty; and (3) the relationships among species within the family are largely unclear. Accordingly, based on large-scale sampling of representative samples of the family, this project intends to employ integrated and inter-disciplinary approaches including morphological-anatomical characterization, ultrastructural investigations, molecular phylogenetic analyses of multigene nucleotide sequences, and field-ecological observations to study the phylogeny of Gyroporaceae. The goals of this project are to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among species within the family, to put forward delimitation standards of the species, and then to document and illustrate the new species in China. This study is of important scientific significance in understanding the phylogenetic relationships among species within the family and the species diversity of the family in China. Furthermore, this research has important application value in rational utilization and effective protection of edible mushroom resources.