基于代谢组学和转录组学的彩色油菜花色多样性机理研究

近年来，观光型油菜已经成为我国部分地区乡村振兴、美丽乡村建设和观光旅游产业发展的一个重要支柱。通过花粉引进及多年选育，我们已经选育出了红色、粉色、紫色、黄白、央斑等38种彩色油菜花色。然而，不同花色材料之间杂交会经常出现不同于亲本的新的花色。若采用传统的图位克隆进行研究将会出现难以确定表型、周期长和工作量大的困难。为了加快对各种花色产生的机理的研究，本项目拟首先对9种具有代表性的花色（深桃红、深紫色和紫红色等）和对照黄花进行花瓣代谢组学分析，寻找出差异代谢物，鉴定出关键性差异代谢物。其次采用转录组学的方法，对上述10种花色的样品进行基因差异表达检测，对差异表达基因进行功能注释和代谢通路分析。结合类胡萝卜素和花青素代谢途径，确定导致不同花色之间差异的关键候选基因，克隆相关基因，进行遗传转化和功能鉴定，确定彩色油菜产生花色多样化的机理。此研究对新花色的资源创建和彩色油菜新品种选育具有重要意义。

In recent years, sightseeing rapeseed has become an important pillar of rural revitalization, beautiful rural construction and tourism industry development in some areas of China. Through the introduction of pollen and many years of breeding, thirty-eight kinds of colors, such as red, pink, purple, yellow and white, central spot, have been bred by us. However, hybridization between different color materials often results in new colors that are different from their parents. It will be difficult to determine phenotype, and need long cycle and heavy workload if traditional map-based cloning is used. In order to speed up the study on the mechanism of different flower colors, this project first carries out petal metabonomics analysis on nine representative flower colors (deep pink, dark purple and purplish red etc.) and the control yellow flower, and screens the differential metabolites and identifies the key differential metabolites. Secondly, transcriptomics was used to detect differentially expressed genes in ten samples of the same color. Functional annotation and metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes were carried out. Combining the metabolic pathways of carotenoids and anthocyanins, the key candidate genes causing the differences between different flower colors were identified, and the related genes were cloned for genetic transformation and functional identification. To determine the mechanism of color diversity in rapeseed, this study is of great significance to the establishment of new flower color resources and the breeding of new varieties of color rapeseed.