不同食性蚂蚁对热带雨林土壤甲烷排放通量及其源/汇过程的影响机制

目前，关于热带森林土壤大型动物如何调控土壤氧化/还原功能微生物主导的甲烷排放过程研究十分缺乏，严重制约人们对甲烷源/汇机制的理解。蚂蚁活动改变甲烷代谢微生物、相关酶、厌氧微生境、土壤无机氮等环境条件，进而调控甲烷通量及源/汇过程。特别是不同食性蚂蚁对甲烷排放具有不同贡献。以热带雨林为实验地，选择“植食性、腐食性、杂食性”3种蚂蚁，揭示不同食性蚂蚁筑巢特征、巢地理化性质对甲烷排放的影响特征；揭示不同食性蚂蚁巢穴中功能微生物对甲烷排放通量的贡献；探明蚂蚁通过影响“肠道产甲烷菌、土壤产甲烷菌及可溶性C/N抑制氧化”而调控甲烷产生（源）的机制；探明蚂蚁通过影响“甲烷氧化菌、氧化酶及理化性质”而调控甲烷氧化（汇）的机制。试图阐明不同食性的蚂蚁种类对热带雨林土壤CH4通量及源/汇过程影响的机制。

At present, there is lack of the research about how soil macrofauna regulate the methane emission process through mediating the involving oxidation-reducing microorganisms in tropical forest. This would seriously restrict the understanding of methane emission and source/sink mechanism.The activities of ants change methane-metabolizing microorganisms and enzymes, anaerobic habitats, and soil inorganic nitrogen pools, and other soil nutrient environment, thereby regulating methane flux and source/sink processes. In particular, different feeding ants have different contributions to the methane emission. A tropical rain forest was selected as the experimental site. In this sites, we chose three ant species with different feeding-habits (i.e., plant feeding, humus feeding and omnivorous) to study the effect of ant species on CH4 emissions. We used the field experiment of nest and non-nest comparation to reveal the effect of different nesting characteristics and nest physicochemical properties of different feeding ant species on soil methane emissions. Furthermore, we would identify the contribution of functional microorganisms of different-feeding ant species to soil methane flux. In situ interstitial anaerobic culture experiment, we investigated the regulating mechanism of methane production (source) under the influence of ants on "intestinal methanogens, soil methanogens, and soluble C/N inhibiting oxidation".The mechanism of regulating methane oxidation (sink) by ants affecting "methanooxidizing bacteria, oxidase and physicochemical properties" was investigated by using "methanooxidation experiment of undisturbed soil".This paper attempts to elucidate the mechanism of influence of different feeding ants on CH4 flux and source/sink processes in tropical rain forest.