基于公共卫生安全的体育场馆“应疫”设计研究

2019年末爆发的新冠疫情给全世界带来巨大挑战，病毒传播快感染人数多，不少城市出现医疗设施应对不足的困境，以体育场馆为主的方舱医院以最经济有效方式为疫情防控做出了卓越贡献。体育场馆作为城市应急避难场所，在地震、洪涝等灾害已体现诸多优势；但在这次瘟疫中作为方舱医院大规模集中收治呼吸道传染病人史无前例。体育场馆前期缺少传染病医疗功能的设计考虑，开展应对突发公共卫生安全事件的应疫设计研究极具现实性和战略性。.课题主要研究内容：1.探索体育场馆转变为临时应急医疗设施的“平疫结合”设计策略和方法；2.以人为本探讨优化方舱医院大空间护理环境的具体对策；3.拟定“体、医”转换改造设计任务书，量化主要技术指标；4.提出疫时体育场馆运营管理策略；5.建立面向绿色防疫的体育建筑高应变性设计体系。.新冠疫情是危机也是契机，课题为突发性大型公共卫生事件下体育场馆转变为临时应急医疗场所提供建设指引和设计参考。

The large-scale COVID-19 that broke out in early 2020 brought huge challenges to the world, which resulting in fast transmission and high number of infected people. Many cities have confronted with the problem of insufficient medical facilities. Therefore，the square cabin hospitals, mainly in sports venues, have made outstanding contributions to the prevention and treatment of the COVID-19 epidemic in many cities in the most cost-effective way. As the emergency shelter in the city, sports venues have shown many potential advantages in conventional disasters such as earthquakes, floods and so on. However, it is the first try in an uncommon plague disaster in Wuhan that sports venues are treated as a square cabin hospital to centralized treatment of infectious disease patients. There is a lack of design considerations for the medical function of infectious diseases in sports venues in the early stage of construction. It is extremely realistic and strategic to carry out epidemic design research on stadiums in response to large public health emergencies..The main research contents of the project include: 1. Exploring “combined with epidemic disease” design strategies and methods of that sports venues are transformed into temporary emergency medical facilities; 2. Human-oriented discussion on specific countermeasures for optimizing nursing environment of large space in square cabin hospital; 3. Draw up a design task for emergency transformation of conversion of sports venues to medical facility, and quantify the main design indicators; 4.Propose the operation and management strategy of stadiums during epidemic disaster; 5. Establish a highly adaptable index system for green and epidemic-resistant sports venues..The COVID-19 plague is both a crisis and an opportunity. This research will provide the construction guidelines and design references for the transformation of sports venues into temporary emergency medical facilities under the sudden large-scale public health safety incidents.