生物炭介导的厌氧互营产甲烷增效过程的微尺度调控原理

互营产甲烷是厌氧发酵过程的限速阶段，投加生物炭可显著提升互营产甲烷效率，但其中的微尺度介导机制不明晰，基于此的调控措施缺乏理论依据。本项目围绕生物炭介导的互营产甲烷增效过程的微尺度调控原理这一关键科学问题，研究生物炭微尺度行为与互营产甲烷效能提升的构效关系；建立互营代谢链的电子流/碳流路径靶向分析方法，从近细胞尺度阐明生物炭强化互营电子传递的多元耦合机理；解析生物炭-微生物聚合体的富集代谢特性，探明生物炭介导互营菌群定向演替的作用原理；揭示生物炭构造特征-介导效应-系统效能三者间的动态关联机制，提出面向发酵系统持续效能提升的动态调控策略与协同工艺模式。本项目对于丰富厌氧互营代谢理论与技术体系具有重要意义，可为开发基于生物炭强化的新型厌氧技术提供理论支撑。

Syntrophic methanogenesis is the rate-limiting step of anaerobic digestion (AD). Biochar addition can significantly promote the efficiency of syntrophic methanogenesis, but the involved the microscopic mechanism is still unclear, thus the regulating strategy is lack of theoretical basis. This study concentrates on the micro-scale regulating mechanisms of biochar addition for enhancing syntrophic methanogenesis in anaerobic bioreactor. Firstly, the correlation between biochar microscale behaviors and efficiency of syntrophic methanogenesis is confirmed. Then, the analytical methods for electron and carbon flow is established to reveal the synergetic mechanisms of electron transfer enhancement. The characteristics of biochar-microbe polymer enrichment and metabolism is investigated, and then the principle of directional succession of syntrophic consortium mediated by biochar is verified. Finally, the dynamically correlative mechanism between biochar structure, mediated effect, and system efficiency is ascertained, the dynamically regulating strategies for long-term promotion of will be proposed. The achievements of study will enrich the theory and technology system of syntrophic methanogenesis and provide support to develop innovative biochar-enhanced AD technology.