颗粒态锑酸盐吸附剂的制备及其对中低放废液中痕量Sr-90吸附行为研究

核事故及核设施退役产生大量的中低放废液，其中90Sr寿命长且环境危害性强，目前以无机吸附剂高效去除锶是放射性废液处理领域的国际前沿问题。Sr化学性质与Ca、Mg相近，中低放废液中浓度较高Ca、Mg离子的竞争是痕量90Sr吸附去除面临的难题。本课题旨在研制工程适用性强的除锶吸附剂，提高其对90Sr的选择性及吸附容量。拟采用中孔碳层改性的颗粒态大孔硅胶为载体，利用表面生长方法负载金属锑酸盐MSb，构筑颗粒态吸附剂MSb/C/SiO2，使其同时具有羟基、羧基和锑酸盐几种吸附活性位点。采用90Sr示踪实验方法研究碱土金属离子在不同活性位点上的分布与竞争吸附机理，探索提高痕量90Sr选择性及吸附容量的途径，探明吸附剂适用的Ca、Mg浓度范围。本研究期望突破Sr与Ca、Mg离子的分离性能瓶颈，打通颗粒态吸附剂放大制备技术路线，获得具有自主知识产权的90Sr选择性吸附剂，提升我国中低放废液处理技术水平。

Nuclear accidents and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities have produced a large amount of low- and medium-level radioactive waste liquids, of which 90Sr has a long life and strong environmental hazards. At present, the efficient removal of strontium with inorganic adsorbents is an international frontier issue in the field of radioactive waste liquid treatment. .The chemical properties of Sr are similar to those of Ca and Mg. The competition of Ca and Mg ions with higher concentration in the low- and middle-level radioactive waste liquid is the difficulty faced by the adsorption and removal of trace 90Sr. .This subject aims to develop a strontium-removing adsorbent with strong engineering applicability and improve its selectivity and adsorption capacity for 90Sr. It is planned to use the mesoporous carbon layer modified granular macroporous silica gel as the carrier, and use the surface growth method to load the metal antimonate MSb to construct the granular adsorbent MSb / C / SiO2, which has adsorption active sites of hydroxyl, carboxyl and antimonate simultaneously..The 90Sr tracer experimental method was used to study the distribution of alkaline earth metal ions on different active sites and the competitive adsorption mechanism, to explore ways to increase the trace 90Sr selectivity and adsorption capacity, and to explore the range of Ca and Mg concentrations suitable for the adsorbent. .This study is expected to break through the separation performance bottleneck of Sr, Ca, and Mg ions, open up the technical route for the scale-up preparation of granular adsorbents, obtain 90Sr selective adsorbents with independent intellectual property rights, and improve the technical level of low and medium-level radioactive waste liquid treatment in China.