温带森林红松和白桦木材腐烂过程中木腐真菌群落演替及其降解机制

森林生态系统中倒木的降解对物质循环和土壤形成至关重要，而木腐真菌在其中发挥关键的生态功能。但目前对于不同树种倒木降解过程中木腐真菌的群落演替及形成机理、对倒木的降解机制还不清楚。因此，本项目拟以长白山温带森林的主要树种红松和白桦为实验材料，将新砍伐的倒木分别放置于阔叶红松林和次生杨桦林，在明确倒木死亡时间序列的基础上，利用高通量测序技术分析不同腐烂阶段原木中真菌群落组成，结合环境因子和木材理化性质进行分析，揭示红松和白桦原木降解过程中木腐真菌的群落演替及其形成机制；在室内真菌回接控制实验的基础上，结合野外倒木中木腐真菌降解酶的种类组成和活性变化，阐明真菌对倒木的降解机制；运用稳定同位素技术，示踪倒木降解过程中木腐真菌转移C、N的路径，结合木材中C、N含量变化，查明木腐真菌在森林C、N循环中的贡献。本研究为全面揭示温带森林木腐真菌群落演替变化规律及其降解机理提供重要的科学依据。

Deadwood is known to be an important structural component of forests. Deadwood decay represents important processes in the carbon and nitrogen cycle and contributes to the soil forming processes. Wood-decaying fungi play a key ecological function during the wood-degrading. However, the community succession and its forming mechanism of wood-decaying fungi on different wood are unclear. The decomposing mechanism during the whole wood-degrading need to be revealed. To solve these problems, a series of studying will be carried out. Changbaishan Nature Reserve will be select as the studying site. The wood of Pinus koraiensis and Betula platyphylla which be cut down at the same time will be put in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest and secondary poplar-birch forest separately and will be sampled once two months. The wood- and soil fungal communities will be detected by the high-throughput sequencing. With the comparative analysis, the fungal community succession and its forming mechanism will be illustrated. The enzyme activities, physical and chemical properties of wood from field and laboratory materials will be detected. And the wood-degrading mechanism will be revealed after the data statistical analysis. The carbon and nitrogen concentrations, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from different forest materials will be determined. By monitoring the variation of these elements, the nutrient translating route by fungi will be found. These studies will help to reveal the mechanisms of fungal community succession and wood-degrading in forest ecosystems.