基于金表面氨基固定的神经递质自组装单分子膜和微流控技术的人工突触的构建

神经元网络工作机制的相关研究是近年脑科学研究的焦点。神经元网络工作机制的研究需要构建高度可控的体外人工突触，用以模拟神经元及神经网络之间的相关功能。如何实现神经递质的可控释放与实时检测，并动态观察神经元活动，是构建体外人工突触核心内容。神经递质是一种化学信使分子，多种神经递质分子都具有氨基结构。申请人以往工作发展了氨基固定的多巴胺自组装单分子膜，实现了多巴胺的可控释放，构建了多巴胺体外人工突触。本项目拟通过利用神经递质的氨基在金表面形成自组装单分子膜，利用电化学手段实现神经递质的精准释放，结合微流控芯片、原位拉曼光谱、共聚焦成像技术，研究氨基固定的自组装单分子膜的形成及电化学脱附机理，实现神经递质在时间和空间上的可控释放与原位检测，同时实现神经元细胞活动的实时监测。本项目的成功实施将为构建体外人工突触提供新的策略，从而获得神经递质种类、释放位点以及作用时间对神经元网络的影响。

The research of neural network working mechanism in brain science attracts many attentions in various fields in recent years. In order to study the working mechanism of neural networks, it is necessary to construct a in vitro artificial synapse to simulate the related functions between neurons and neural networks. How to realize the controlled release and real-time detection of neurotransmitters, and dynamically observe the activity of neurons, are the core contents of constructing artificial synapses in vitro. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that can transmit signals between different cells by synapses, and many neurontransmitters pocess amino groups. The applicant has successfully constructed amino bond dopamine self-assembled monolayers, realized the controlled release of dopamine, and constructed dopamine artificial synapse. In this project, the amino group of neurotransmitter is used to form self-assembled monolayers on the gold surface , and the precise release of neurotransmitter is realized by electrochemistry. Combined with microfluidics, in-situ Raman spectroscopy and confocal imaging technology, the formation and electrochemical desorption mechanisms of amino bond self-assembled monolayers are studied to realize spatiotemporal release of neurotransmitters, in situ detection and real-time monitoring of neuronal cell activities. This project will provide a new strategy for the construction of artificial synapses, so as to obtain the effects of neurotransmitter types, release sites and functioning time on neural networks.