基于近代地图的南京城市历史形态复原与景观变迁研究（1840~1937年）

以近代南京（1840~1937年）城市空间作为研究对象，充分利用近代地图文献，开展城市历史形态复原研究。主要科学问题是：①如何融通多学科，科学解读近代城市地图，挖掘其中丰富的历史地理信息？②如何提升城市历史形态研究的数字化与定量化水平，从多时空尺度上揭示其空间形态、景观格局与演变过程？③科学归纳南京城市形态变迁的过程机理与驱动因素，识别城市空间的关键节点，揭示时空发展脉络。同时，作为“数字人文”视野下的跨学科研究，深耕历史地理信息化研究方向。探索基于GIS的城市历史形态学研究法，形成“文献定性考证+地图数字分析+野外实地考察”研究路径；提出近代实测地图的精度评价指标及数字化解决方案；构建时空GIS基础框架，研制高精度时空序列数据集，研建近代南京城市地图数据库、历史地理信息系统，编绘专题历史地图。本项目是近代地图服务城市历史地理学研究，推进《南京历史地图集》编纂和城市历史文化传承的积极探索。

This study takes urban space of modern Nanjing (1840 ~ 1937) as the research object, and uses modern maps to restore the urban historical morphology and landscape pattern changes..Scholars have pointed out that Nanjing is one of China's most famous historical and cultural cities, and it is also the only Chinese city that can systematically analyze and accurately restore the urban scope and spatial structure of historical periods through ancient maps, and observe the development and change of urban forms over time..Since the First Opium War (1840), Nanjing City has suffered a lot and has gradually transformed from a traditional Chinese political city to a Capital City of a modern nation-state. The development of Nanjing has experienced three periods: the fall of the political center city (1840 ~ 1864), the rejuvenation and modernization of Nanjing city in the late Qing Dynasty (1864 ~ 1911), the planning and construction of the Capital of the Republic of China (1911 ~ 1937). .Whether in the study of modern Chinese urban history or Chinese urban historical geography, Nanjing has great significance. At the same time, it can be compared with Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangzhou urban studies and to find its characteristics and universality..The publication of Ancient Atlas of Nanjing (2017) provides a solid foundation for systematically organizing, intensively studying, and using modern Nanjing urban maps, conducting research on urban morphological restoration, and compiling historical urban maps..The major scientific issues of this research are: ① How to integrate multidisciplinary knowledge, scientifically interpret the maps of modern cities, and dig out the its rich historical- geographical information? ②How to improve the quantitative research level of the urban historical morphology and reveal its spatial form, landscape pattern, and evolution process from multiple spatial-temporal scales? ③ In addition, scientifically summarize the process mechanism and driving factors of urban morphological change, identify the key nodes of urban spatial development, and deepen the research of urban historical geography..As an interdisciplinary research from the perspective of "digital humanities", this project will also deeply explore the research direction of historical-geographical informationization..At the theoretical and methodological level, this study focuses on multi-disciplinary intersection and multi-disciplinary integration, carries out integrated research on combination qualitative, positioning and quantitative methods, and develops GIS-based Conzen’s urban historical morphology methods. Thus, the research method system of urban historical geography combining "literature qualitative examination + digital map analysis + field investigation" is constructed. At the same time, the research of systematic collation and classification is carried out to develop the modern Nanjing urban map database which is open and shared to the academic circles..At the technical and practical level, this study explores the key technologies of digitalizing and information mining in modern urban measurement maps, constructs a Spatial-temporal GIS infrastructure, and develops a spatial-temporal sequence dataset of urban historical geography in typical time periods. In order to promote the refinement studies, then analyzes the case of urban spatial form and vicissitude, and develops the urban historical GIS of modern Nanjing City..Moreover, this study is also a positive attempt to carry out historical geographical Informationization research based on modern urban map, and has accumulated experience and laid a foundation for the compilation and development of Nanjing Historical Atlas. This research also provides accurate and informative scientific data for historical street protection and urban construction.