水稻与不同病原菌互作的免疫稳态调控与广谱抗病性重构

稻瘟病和纹枯病是水稻两个不同寄生类型的真菌病害，每年均大面积发病。最有效的防病途径是广谱抗病育种，但纹枯病迄今没有有效的抗病基因。另一方面水稻经过长期驯化，其免疫和抗病基因组结构已与野生稻存在重大的差异。我们在前期项目中发现水稻驯化产生高产性状但对纹枯病和稻瘟病田间抗性下降由一个水稻特异的ROD1基因控制，是一个调控水稻自身免疫平衡-广谱抗病性-生殖发育（产量性状）的关键基因。本项目将研究：（1）ROD1调控水稻-不同病原菌互作与抗病性激发的下游信号机制；（2）ROD1抑制子SRR基因的克隆及其在病原菌互作与免疫激发上的功能；（3）ROD1 SNP变异与田间抗病性的关联机制；（4）ROD1基因编辑重构高产品种的广谱抗病性。本项目的开展将解析水稻（禾本科）中特有的免疫稳态及其对适应性（生殖生长）平衡调控的新机制，重构水稻广谱抗病体系，为作物广谱抗病育种提供新的理论和技术体系。

Rice blast and sheath blight are two most destructive diseases in rice, which are caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnorpathe grisea and the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. Breeding for broad-spectrum disease resistance is the most efficient approach to control rice diseases; however, no effective genetic resource has been identified to confer sheath blight resistance. On other hand, long rice domestication has largely declined immunity and disease resistance gene availability in rice genome compared with its wild relatives. We have map-cloned a rice-specific immunity gene, ROD1, which controls autoimmunity homeostasis and shapes high yield but decreased disease resistance to different pathogens in modern rice. This proposal focus on (1) signaling and mechanism of ROD1 function in rice-pathogens interactions and broad-spectrum disease resistance; (2) genes and function of the ROD1 suppressors, SRRs; (3) natural SNPs and the impacts on field resistance to the fungal diseases; (4) gene editing of ROD1 to reconstruct broad-spectrum disease resistance in modern rice. Thus, the project will dissect the novel mechanism of rice/Gramineae-specific autoimmunity homeostasis and fitness/reproductivity balance regulation, and provide new theory and practical tool for crop disease resistance breeding..