Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Impact Pathogen Exposure in Remote, Rural, Unpiped Communities.
Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Impact Pathogen Exposure in Remote, Rural, Unpiped Communities.
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DOI：
10.1089/ees.2020.0283
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Linden KG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mattos KJ;Eichelberger L;Warren J;Dotson A;Hawley M;Linden KG
偏远、农村和无管道社区的家庭用水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)做法可能会影响超出粪便-口腔传播途径的病原体暴露，而这些途径通常是HASH干预措施的优先事项。我们研究了阿拉斯加两个偏远、农村、无管道社区的43户家庭，以评估季节性供水、水源、水质和水再利用，以及一年来的灰水和人类排泄物处理。据报告，根据社区和季节的不同，每人每天的运水量从3.0加仑到5.4加仑不等。未经处理的天然水源每天为家庭供水贡献0.5-1.1个百分点。报告的抽水量与家庭的总储水量显著相关。在经处理和未经处理的来源储存的家庭水样中，有30%-60%检测到总大肠菌群，在特定来源和特定季节，总大肠菌群计数显著高于其他来源。在缺水、未经处理的水再利用、灰水处理和人类排泄物处理期间接触病原体是这些偏远、农村、无管道社区疾病传播的重要途径。我们讨论了在安装管道基础设施之前，可以在家庭和社区层面采取的中间步骤，以中断接触途径。这种检查特定家庭做法以确定传播途径的模式可以应用于其他偏远社区或独特条件，以帮助建议有针对性的洗涤干预措施。
Household water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices in remote, rural, and unpiped communities are likely to impact exposure to pathogens beyond the fecal–oral transmission routes that are typically prioritized in WASH interventions. We studied 43 homes in two remote, rural, unpiped communities in Alaska to evaluate seasonal water haul, water sources, water quality, and water reuse, as well as greywater and human waste disposal over 1 year. Hauled quantities of water reportedly ranged from 3.0 to 5.4 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) depending on the community and season. Natural, untreated water sources contributed 0.5–1.1 gpcd to household water availability. Reported quantities of water hauled were significantly correlated with total water storage capacity in the home. Total coliforms were detected in 30–60% of stored household water samples from treated and untreated sources, and total coliform counts were significantly higher in specific sources and during specific seasons. Exposure to pathogens during periods of low water access, from untreated water reuse, from greywater disposal and from human waste disposal are important pathways of disease transmission in these remote, rural, unpiped communities. We discuss intermediate steps that can be taken at the household and community levels to interrupt exposure pathways before piped infrastructure is installed. This model of examining specific household practices to determine transmission routes can be applied to other remote communities or unique conditions to aid in the recommendation of targeted WASH interventions.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Elliott, Mark;MacDonald, Morgan C.;Hadwen, Wade L.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1007/s13762-013-0451-5
发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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