The food and environmental safety of Bt crops.
The food and environmental safety of Bt crops.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2015.00283
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hammond BG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koch MS;Ward JM;Levine SL;Baum JA;Vicini JL;Hammond BG
苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）微生物农药在农业上的安全性已有50年的历史。Cry蛋白是这些杀虫剂中的活性杀虫成分之一，并且编码Cry蛋白的基因已经使用现代生物技术引入农作物中。Cry基因序列通常被修饰以使得能够在植物中有效表达，并且几种Cry蛋白已经被修饰以增加针对目标害虫的生物活性。此外，不同但结构保守的Cry蛋白的结构域可以组合以产生具有增强的杀虫特性的嵌合蛋白。进行环境研究，包括无脊椎动物，哺乳动物和鸟类物种。用于支持食品和饲料安全评估的哺乳动物研究也用于支持野生哺乳动物评估。除了NTO评估外，环境评估还包括Bt作物与遗传相似但缺乏引入性状以解决意外影响的适当常规对照之间的比较评估。在Bt作物和常规对照中测量特定的表型、农艺学和生态学特征，以评估昆虫抗性的引入是否导致任何可能在改变杂草特征、对害虫的易感性或不利环境影响方面引起生态危害的变化。此外，在田间试验中收集了Bt作物与环境相互作用的数据，以评估潜在的不利影响。除了农艺学和表型评估之外，还针对新作物中的新害虫抗性基因评估转基因从遗传修饰的作物植物到野生近缘植物中的潜在移动。本文综述了含有Cry蛋白的作物对人类、牲畜和其他非靶生物的安全性证据。
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microbial pesticides have a 50-year history of safety in agriculture. Cry proteins are among the active insecticidal ingredients in these pesticides, and genes coding for Cry proteins have been introduced into agricultural crops using modern biotechnology. The Cry gene sequences are often modified to enable effective expression in planta and several Cry proteins have been modified to increase biological activity against the target pest(s). Additionally, the domains of different but structurally conserved Cry proteins can be combined to produce chimeric proteins with enhanced insecticidal properties. Environmental studies are performed and include invertebrates, mammals, and avian species. Mammalian studies used to support the food and feed safety assessment are also used to support the wild mammal assessment. In addition to the NTO assessment, the environmental assessment includes a comparative assessment between the Bt crop and the appropriate conventional control that is genetically similar but lacks the introduced trait to address unintended effects. Specific phenotypic, agronomic, and ecological characteristics are measured in the Bt crop and the conventional control to evaluate whether the introduction of the insect resistance has resulted in any changes that might cause ecological harm in terms of altered weed characteristics, susceptibility to pests, or adverse environmental impact. Additionally, environmental interaction data are collected in field experiments for Bt crop to evaluate potential adverse effects. Further to the agronomic and phenotypic evaluation, potential movement of transgenes from a genetically modified crop plants into wild relatives is assessed for a new pest resistance gene in a new crop. This review summarizes the evidence for safety of crops containing Cry proteins for humans, livestock, and other non-target organisms.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Andersson, Hans Christer;Arpaia, Salvatore;Wal, Jean-Michel
通讯作者：
Wal, Jean-Michel
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Adel-Patient K;Guimaraes VD;Paris A;Drumare MF;Ah-Leung S;Lamourette P;Nevers MC;Canlet C;Molina J;Bernard H;Créminon C;Wal JM
通讯作者：
Wal JM
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Andersson, Hans Christer;Arpaia, Salvatore;Wal, Jean-Michel
通讯作者：
Wal, Jean-Michel
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Andersson, Hans Christer;Arpaia, Salvatore;Wal, Jean -Michel
通讯作者：
Wal, Jean -Michel
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Andersson, Hans Christer;Arpaia, Salvatore;Wal, Jean-Michel
通讯作者：
Wal, Jean-Michel