Evidence for Wide Dispersal in a Stem Galliform Clade from a New Small-Sized Middle Eocene Pangalliform (Aves: Paraortygidae) from the Uinta Basin of Utah (USA)
Evidence for Wide Dispersal in a Stem Galliform Clade from a New Small-Sized Middle Eocene Pangalliform (Aves: Paraortygidae) from the Uinta Basin of Utah (USA)
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来自犹他州尤因塔盆地（美国）的一种新的小型中始新世 Pangalliform（鸟纲：Paraortygidae）的茎鸡形分支广泛传播的证据
DOI：
10.3390/d12030090
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Holroyd Patricia A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stidham Thomas A.;Townsend K. E. Beth;Holroyd Patricia A.
来自美国犹他州尤因塔盆地尤因塔组的一种新鸟喙科动物记录了北美始新世中期唯一已知的盘鸡类动物的存在，其历史间隔超过 1500 万年。这块化石代表了一个新的分类单元，非正式地称为 Uintan paraortygid，它也是目前北美已灭绝的 Paraortygidae 的最有力记录（也是世界上该类群最古老的记录之一）。该标本表现出衍生的扩大的原喙突突出，带有一个小的原喙突，以及与始新世中期副主动脉、Xorazmortyx 和 Scopelortyx 共有的凹椭圆形肩胛叶；然而，Uintan 副主动脉也有一个可能与肩胛叶相邻的自体（气动）窝。这些广泛分布的早期副主动脉动物的体型和形态相似，表明它们之间存在系统发育亲缘关系。鉴于它们在始新世中期出现在美国、乌兹别克斯坦和纳米比亚，这些鸟类很可能是优秀的飞行者，并且具有增强的分散能力。并且可能具有灵活的生物学或饮食，使它们能够占据从海岸和森林到半干旱大草原般的栖息地的多种栖息地。需要重新审视有问题的齿形科早期记录，将其视为副主动脉科的潜在成员和这些小型类群的同事。
A new bird coracoid from the Uinta Formation in the Uinta Basin in Utah (USA) records the presence of the only known pangalliform from the middle Eocene of North America, occurring in a >15 million year gap in their history. This fossil represents a new taxon, informally termed the Uintan paraortygid, which is also currently the best-supported record of the extinct Paraortygidae in North America (and among the oldest records of the group in the world). The specimen exhibits a derived enlarged procoracoid prominence with a small procoracoid process, and concave elliptical scapular cotyle that are shared with the middle Eocene paraortygids, Xorazmortyx and Scopelortyx; however, the Uintan paraortygid also has a possibly autapomorphic (pneumatic) fossa adjacent to the scapular cotyle. The similarity in body size and morphology among these widely distributed early paraortygids suggests phylogenetic affinity among them. Given their occurrence in the United States, Uzbekistan, and Namibia during the middle Eocene, these birds likely were good fliers with an increased ability to disperse; and probably had a flexible biology or diet allowing them to occupy a diversity of habitats from coasts and forests to semi-arid savannah-like habitats. The problematic early records of Odontophoridae need to be reexamined as potential members of Paraortygidae and associates of these small-bodied taxa.
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DOI：
10.1201/9781420064452
发表时间：
2007-12
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Dunning
通讯作者：
J. Dunning
DOI：
10.5479/si.00810282.323
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Olson;A. Feduccia
通讯作者：
S. Olson;A. Feduccia
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
C. Mourer-Chauviré;M. Pickford;B. Senut
通讯作者：
C. Mourer-Chauviré;M. Pickford;B. Senut
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
C. Mourer-Chauviré
通讯作者：
C. Mourer-Chauviré
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
C. Acosta Hospitaleche
通讯作者：
C. Acosta Hospitaleche