Diversity of larger consumers enhances interference competition effects on smaller competitors.
Diversity of larger consumers enhances interference competition effects on smaller competitors.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-010-1865-0
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发表时间：
2011-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Elmgren, Ragnar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nascimento, Francisco J. A.;Karlson, Agnes M. L.;Naslund, Johan;Elmgren, Ragnar
在包括水生生态系统在内的许多生态系统中，大型和小型物种之间争夺同样的食物是很常见的。大型消费者的多样性是如何影响小型竞争者获得有限资源的，目前还没有得到很好的理解。我们实验测试了底栖沉积物大型动物的物种丰富度（0-3种）是如何改变小型介形类从稳定同位素标记的蓝藻华中吸收新鲜有机物的，使用的动物来自物种贫乏的波罗的海。根据存在的大型动物群种类不同，大型动物群的存在主要减少了小花群物质的结合。正如预期的那样，大型动物的物种特性影响了小型动物对有机质的吸收。有趣的是，我们的研究结果表明，此外，大型动物的物种丰富度显著降低了小型动物的新沉降氮和碳的结合。对于一个以上的大型动物群，减少的幅度总是大于单物种处理的预期。波罗的海的野外数据显示，大型动物多样性与小型介形虫丰度呈负相关，与实验结果一致。我们认为这是由于干扰竞争造成的，由于大型动物物种之间的空间生态位分化减少了沉积物体积，介形类可以在不受更大竞争对手干扰的情况下进食。大型动物的干扰显著减少了小型动物的有机质吸收，这表明大型消费者的多样性是控制小型竞争者获取有限食物资源的重要因素。
Competition between large and small species for the same food is common in a number of ecosystems including aquatic ones. How diversity of larger consumers affects the access of smaller competitors to a limiting resource is not well understood. We tested experimentally how species richness (0–3 spp.) of benthic deposit-feeding macrofauna changes meiofaunal ostracods’ incorporation of fresh organic matter from a stable-isotope-labeled cyanobacterial bloom, using fauna from the species-poor Baltic Sea. Presence of macrofauna mostly decreased meiofaunal incorporation of bloom material, depending on the macrofauna species present. As expected, the species identity of macrofauna influenced the incorporation of organic matter by meiofauna. Interestingly, our results show that, in addition, species richness of the macrofauna significantly reduced meiofauna incorporation of freshly settled nitrogen and carbon. With more than one macrofauna species, the reduction was always greater than expected from the single-species treatments. Field data from the Baltic Sea showed a negative correlation between macrofauna diversity and meiofaunal ostracod abundance, as expected from the experimental results. We argue that this is caused by interference competition, due to spatial niche differentiation between macrofauna species reducing the sediment volume in which ostracods can feed undisturbed by larger competitors. Interference from macrofauna significantly reduces organic matter incorporation by meiofauna, indicating that diversity of larger consumers is an important factor controlling the access of smaller competitors to a limiting food resource.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2002.2181
发表时间：
2002-12-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Amarasekare, P
通讯作者：
Amarasekare, P
DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00212-4
发表时间：
2000-08-30
影响因子：
2
作者：
Bianchi, TS;Johansson, B;Elmgren, R
通讯作者：
Elmgren, R
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Byren, Lars;Ejdung, Gunilla;Elmgren, Ragnar
通讯作者：
Elmgren, Ragnar
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
HILL, C;ELMGREN, R
通讯作者：
ELMGREN, R
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511752360.015
发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
MARINE BIODIVERSITY-BOOK
影响因子：
--
作者：
Elmgren, R;Hill, C
通讯作者：
Hill, C