Bacterial alpha2-macroglobulins: colonization factors acquired by horizontal gene transfer from the metazoan genome?
Bacterial alpha2-macroglobulins: colonization factors acquired by horizontal gene transfer from the metazoan genome?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/gb-2004-5-6-r38
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Gibson TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Budd A;Blandin S;Levashina EA;Gibson TJ
在细菌中发现了后生动物α2-巨球蛋白的同系物。这些基因在不同细菌分支中的分布表明它们是通过多次水平转移获得的。已知入侵细菌已经捕获并适应真核宿主基因。它们也很容易通过水平基因转移从其他细菌获得定居基因。幽门螺杆菌和肝螺杆菌等密切相关的物种利用不同的宿主组织，几乎没有共同的定植基因。蛋白酶抑制剂α2-巨球蛋白是后生动物抵御入侵细菌的主要防御手段，它能捕获寄生虫成功入侵所需的攻击性蛋白酶。用后生动物α2-巨球蛋白序列进行数据库搜索，发现细菌蛋白质组中存在同源序列。细菌α2-巨球蛋白的系统发育分布是不规则的，违反了垂直下降模型。细菌α2-巨球蛋白基因存在于不同的分支中，包括紫色细菌（变形菌门）、梭菌门、螺旋菌门、拟杆菌门、异常球菌门、蓝细菌门、浮游菌门和嗜热菌门。大多数具有细菌α2-巨球蛋白基因的细菌物种利用高等真核生物（多细胞植物和动物）作为宿主。致病性侵入和致病性定殖物种都具有细菌α2-巨球蛋白，表明细菌α2-巨球蛋白是定殖因子而不是毒力因子。后生动物α2-巨球蛋白抑制病原体的蛋白酶。细菌同源物可以反向作用以阻断宿主抗微生物防御。α2-巨球蛋白可能从后生动物宿主获得一次或多次，然后通过10多次独立的水平基因转移通过其他定殖细菌物种广泛传播。yfhM样细菌α2-巨球蛋白基因通常与pbpC紧密相连，编码一种非典型肽聚糖转糖基酶PBP 1C，在营养肽聚糖合成中不起作用。我们认为，YfhM和PBP 1C耦合在一起作为一个周质防御和修复系统。细菌α2-巨球蛋白可能为增强疫苗对抗感染的效力提供有用的靶点。
Homologs of metazoan α2-macroglobulins have been found in bacteria. The distribution of these genes in diverse bacterial clades suggests they have been acquired by multiple horizontal transfers. Invasive bacteria are known to have captured and adapted eukaryotic host genes. They also readily acquire colonizing genes from other bacteria by horizontal gene transfer. Closely related species such as Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter hepaticus, which exploit different host tissues, share almost none of their colonization genes. The protease inhibitor α2-macroglobulin provides a major metazoan defense against invasive bacteria, trapping attacking proteases required by parasites for successful invasion. Database searches with metazoan α2-macroglobulin sequences revealed homologous sequences in bacterial proteomes. The bacterial α2-macroglobulin phylogenetic distribution is patchy and violates the vertical descent model. Bacterial α2-macroglobulin genes are found in diverse clades, including purple bacteria (proteobacteria), fusobacteria, spirochetes, bacteroidetes, deinococcids, cyanobacteria, planctomycetes and thermotogae. Most bacterial species with bacterial α2-macroglobulin genes exploit higher eukaryotes (multicellular plants and animals) as hosts. Both pathogenically invasive and saprophytically colonizing species possess bacterial α2-macroglobulins, indicating that bacterial α2-macroglobulin is a colonization rather than a virulence factor. Metazoan α2-macroglobulins inhibit proteases of pathogens. The bacterial homologs may function in reverse to block host antimicrobial defenses. α2-macroglobulin was probably acquired one or more times from metazoan hosts and has then spread widely through other colonizing bacterial species by more than 10 independent horizontal gene transfers. yfhM-like bacterial α2-macroglobulin genes are often found tightly linked with pbpC, encoding an atypical peptidoglycan transglycosylase, PBP1C, that does not function in vegetative peptidoglycan synthesis. We suggest that YfhM and PBP1C are coupled together as a periplasmic defense and repair system. Bacterial α2-macroglobulins might provide useful targets for enhancing vaccine efficacy in combating infections.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1093/bioinformatics/8.3.275
发表时间：
1992-06-01
期刊：
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE BIOSCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
JONES, DT;TAYLOR, WR;THORNTON, JM
通讯作者：
THORNTON, JM
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Castresana, J
通讯作者：
Castresana, J
NTR模块：netrins、分泌型frizzled相关蛋白和I型胶原蛋白C蛋白酶增强蛋白的结构域与金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂同源
影响因子：
8
作者：
Bányai, L;Patthy, L
通讯作者：
Patthy, L
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Dandekar, T;Snel, B;Bork, P
通讯作者：
Bork, P
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
BIK, EM;BUNSCHOTEN, AE;MOOI, FR
通讯作者：
MOOI, FR