What's hot and what's not: Making sense of biodiversity 'hotspots'.
What's hot and what's not: Making sense of biodiversity 'hotspots'.
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热点和非热点：理解生物多样性“热点”。
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15443
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Schratzberger M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thompson MSA;Couce E;Webb TJ;Grace M;Cooper KM;Schratzberger M
保护生物多样性特别高的地理区域，被称为生物多样性“热点”，是直观的，因为有限的资源可以集中在可管理的单元。然而，生物多样性、环境条件及其相互关系更为复杂，具有多维度的特性。忽视这一风险的评估无法发现变化，确定其方向或衡量适当干预的规模。将群落假定为界限分明的群落或松散收集的物种的概念也阻碍了我们评估和保护生物多样性的方式的进展。我们专注于海洋底栖生物，划定可管理的保护区是一个有吸引力的前景，因为它拥有大多数海洋物种，并构成地球上面积最大的单一生态系统。使用两个大的英国海洋底栖动物数据集，我们提出了一个空间网格化的数据抽样设计，占调查的影响，否则将是多样性估计的主要驱动因素。然后，我们评估γ多样性（区域丰富度），多样性在α（局部丰富度）和β（相异性）之间划分，以及它们与协变量的关系，以测试定义和保护生物多样性热点是否是一种有效的保护策略。α-、β-和γ-多样性热点在很大程度上与每个与协变量唯一相关的指标不一致，松散收集的物种通常以相对较少的不同组合为主。因此，如果仅以多样性的一个组成部分为基础，热点可能是指导保护工作的一种不可靠的手段。当与环境梯度一起评估时，α-，β-和γ-多样性提供了一个多维但仍然直观的生物多样性变化视角，可以将保护引向关键驱动因素和适当的干预规模。我们的研究还强调了物种丰富度在30年内可能会暂时下降，因此需要未来的综合监测，以揭示生物多样性变化的因果驱动因素。保护生物多样性的“热点”是直观的，因为有限的资源可以集中在可管理的单位。然而，生物多样性、环境条件及其相互关系更为复杂，具有多维度的特性。忽视这种风险的评估无法检测到变化、确定其方向或衡量适当干预的规模。我们专注于海洋底栖生物，它拥有大多数海洋物种，构成了地球上面积最大的单一生态系统。当与环境梯度一起评估时，α-，β-和γ-多样性提供了一个多维但仍然直观的生物多样性变化视角，可以将保护引向关键驱动因素和适当的干预规模。使用的照片是© Elena Couce和© Crown Copyright的组合，后者由Cefas，Cornwall IFCA和环境局收集，同时与JNCC和Natural England合作进行调查工作。
Conserving biogeographic regions with especially high biodiversity, known as biodiversity ‘hotspots’, is intuitive because finite resources can be focussed towards manageable units. Yet, biodiversity, environmental conditions and their relationship are more complex with multidimensional properties. Assessments which ignore this risk failing to detect change, identify its direction or gauge the scale of appropriate intervention. Conflicting concepts which assume assemblages as either sharply delineated communities or loosely collected species have also hampered progress in the way we assess and conserve biodiversity. We focus on the marine benthos where delineating manageable areas for conservation is an attractive prospect because it holds most marine species and constitutes the largest single ecosystem on earth by area. Using two large UK marine benthic faunal datasets, we present a spatially gridded data sampling design to account for survey effects which would otherwise be the principal drivers of diversity estimates. We then assess γ‐diversity (regional richness) with diversity partitioned between α (local richness) and β (dissimilarity), and their change in relation to covariates to test whether defining and conserving biodiversity hotspots is an effective conservation strategy in light of the prevailing forces structuring those assemblages. α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity hotspots were largely inconsistent with each metric relating uniquely to the covariates, and loosely collected species generally prevailed with relatively few distinct assemblages. Hotspots could therefore be an unreliable means to direct conservation efforts if based on only a component part of diversity. When assessed alongside environmental gradients, α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity provide a multidimensional but still intuitive perspective of biodiversity change that can direct conservation towards key drivers and the appropriate scale for intervention. Our study also highlights possible temporal declines in species richness over 30 years and thus the need for future integrated monitoring to reveal the causal drivers of biodiversity change. Conserving biodiversity ‘hotspots’ is intuitive because finite resources can be focussed towards manageable units. Yet, biodiversity, environmental conditions and their relationship are more complex with multidimensional properties. Assessments which ignore this risk failing to detect change, identify its direction, or gauge the scale of appropriate intervention. We focus on the marine benthos which holds most marine species and constitutes the largest single ecosystem on earth by area. When assessed alongside environmental gradients, α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity provide a multidimensional but still intuitive perspective of biodiversity change that can direct conservation towards key drivers and the appropriate scale for intervention. Photographs used are a combination of © Elena Couce and © Crown Copyright, the latter collected by Cefas, Cornwall IFCA and Environment Agency whilst undertaking survey work in partnerships with the JNCC and Natural England.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2004.2885
发表时间：
2004-12-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Barrett, JH;Locker, AM;Roberts, CM
通讯作者：
Roberts, CM
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Baselga A;Gómez-Rodríguez C;Lobo JM
通讯作者：
Lobo JM
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Cooper KM;Barry J
通讯作者：
Barry J
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Butchart, Stuart H. M.;Walpole, Matt;Watson, Reg
通讯作者：
Watson, Reg
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0501562102
发表时间：
2005-04-12
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bascompte, J;Melián, CJ;Sala, E
通讯作者：
Sala, E