γ-Butyrobetaine is a proatherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to TMAO.

γ-Butyrobetaine is a proatherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to TMAO.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.006
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发表时间:
2014-11-04
期刊:
影响因子:
29
通讯作者:
Hazen SL
Hazen SL
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koeth RA;Levison BS;Culley MK;Buffa JA;Wang Z;Gregory JC;Org E;Wu Y;Li L;Smith JD;Tang WHW;DiDonato JA;Lusis AJ;Hazen SL

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最近报道,红肉中的营养素L-肉毒碱通过涉及肠道微生物三甲胺(TMA)形成和宿主肝脏转化为三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)的代谢途径加速动脉粥样硬化。在本文中,我们表明,L-肉毒碱摄入后,γ-丁酰甜菜碱(γBB)作为中间代谢产物由肠道微生物在解剖学上接近TMA形成的部位产生,并且其速率比TMA形成的速率高约1000倍。此外,我们表明γBB是小鼠中由膳食L-肉碱形成的主要肠道微生物代谢产物,并且与膳食L-肉碱一样,以肠道微生物群依赖的方式转化为TMA和TMAO,并加速动脉粥样硬化。肠道微生物组成和功能代谢研究揭示了不同的分类群与饮食L-肉碱产生γBB和TMA/TMAO相关。此外,尽管它们的结构非常相似,但长期饮食暴露于L-肉毒碱和γBB会促进功能不同的微生物群落的发育,这些微生物群落分别针对L-肉毒碱和γBB的代谢进行了优化。
L- Carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, was recently reported to accelerate atherosclerosis via a metaorganismal pathway involving gut microbial trimethylamine (TMA) formation and host hepatic conversion into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Herein we show that following L-carnitine ingestion, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) is produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbes at a site anatomically proximal to and at a rate ~1000-fold higher than the formation of TMA. Moreover, we show γBB is the major gut microbial metabolite formed from dietary L-carnitine in mice, and like dietary L-carnitine, in a gut microbiota-dependent manner is converted into TMA and TMAO, and accelerates atherosclerosis. Gut microbial composition and functional metabolic studies reveal distinct taxa are associated with the production of γBB versus TMA/TMAO from dietary L-carnitine. Moreover, despite their close structural similarity, chronic dietary exposure to L-carnitine versus γBB promotes development of functionally distinct microbial communities optimized for the metabolism of L-carnitine versus γBB, respectively.
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