A Pilot Study of Behavioral, Physiological, and Subjective Responses to Varying Mental Effort Requirements in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
A Pilot Study of Behavioral, Physiological, and Subjective Responses to Varying Mental Effort Requirements in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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注意力缺陷/多动障碍患者对不同精神努力要求的行为、生理和主观反应的初步研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
M. Danckaerts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gabry W. Mies;Pieter Moors;E. Sonuga;S. van der Oord;J. R. Wiersema;A. Scheres;J. Lemiere;M. Danckaerts
背景：注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）被认为涉及精神努力应用困难。为了验证这一假设，我们操纵任务难度和测量行为，以及主观和心理生理指标的努力。方法：15名ADHD男孩和16名对照者完成两项任务。首先，主观估计和行为和瞳孔的努力措施，记录在五个级别的N-背任务的困难。第二，努力折扣进行了评估。在后者中，参与者在执行高奖励的困难N-back任务与较小奖励的简单N-back任务之间做出重复选择。结果如下：增加任务难度导致两组人的表现出现类似的恶化-尽管ADHD参与者在所有难度水平上的表现都比对照组差。虽然ADHD和对照组的参与者对任务的难度和努力程度的评价相同，但ADHD患者随着任务难度的增加，瞳孔扩张模式略有不同。结论：行为测试结果并不能提供ADHD青少年男孩心理努力问题的证据。然而，这种微妙的生理效应表明，ADHD青少年可能以与对照组不同的方式分配努力。
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is presumed to involve mental effort application difficulties. To test this assumption, we manipulated task difficulty and measured behavioral, as well as subjective and psychophysiological indices of effort. Methods: Fifteen adolescent ADHD boys and 16 controls performed two tasks. First, subjective estimates and behavioral and pupillary measures of effort were recorded across five levels of N-back task difficulties. Second, effort discounting was assessed. In the latter, participants made repeated choices between performing a difficult N-back task for a high reward versus an easier N-back task for a smaller reward. Results: Increasing task difficulty led to similar deteriorations in performance for both groups – although ADHD participants performed more poorly at all difficulty levels than controls. While ADHD and control participants rated the tasks equally difficult and discounted effort similarly, those with ADHD displayed slightly different pupil dilation patterns with increasing task difficulty. Conclusion: The behavioral results did not provide evidence for mental effort problems in adolescent boys with ADHD. The subtle physiological effects, however, suggest that adolescents with ADHD may allocate effort in a different way than controls.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Steinhauer, SR;Siegle, GJ;Pless, M
通讯作者：
Pless, M
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Kool, Wouter;McGuire, Joseph T.;Rosen, Zev B.;Botvinick, Matthew M.
通讯作者：
Botvinick, Matthew M.
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021
发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Kaufman, J;Birmaher, B;Ryan, N
通讯作者：
Ryan, N
基于表现的奖励对多动症儿童的刺激、错误和反馈处理的神经生理学相关性的影响。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Rosch,KeriShiels;HawkJr,LarryW
通讯作者：
HawkJr,LarryW