Decision making and the avoidance of cognitive demand.
Decision making and the avoidance of cognitive demand.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0020198
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Botvinick, Matthew M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kool, Wouter;McGuire, Joseph T.;Rosen, Zev B.;Botvinick, Matthew M.
长期以来，行为学和经济学理论一直认为，选择行动是为了尽量减少对努力或工作的需求，这一原则有时被称为“少工作法则”。支持这一观点的数据几乎完全与体力劳动的需求有关。然而，同样的最小化原则往往被认为也适用于认知需求。我们开始评估这一假设的有效性。在六个行为实验中，参与者在与控制信息处理的不同需求水平相关的行动方案之间自由选择。总之，这些实验的结果显示了一种倾向于要求较低的行动方案。这种偏差是在一系列选择设置和需求操纵中获得的，并不完全归因于策略性避免错误、任务时间最小化或目标实现率最大化。值得注意的是，这种影响也不依赖于对需求操纵的认识。与动机账户一致，回避需求显示对任务激励的敏感性，并与执行控制效能的个体差异共同变化。研究结果报告，再加上收敛神经科学证据，支持预期的认知需求在行为决策中起着重要作用的想法。
Behavioral and economic theories have long maintained that actions are chosen so as to minimize demands for exertion or work, a principle sometimes referred to as the “law of less work.” The data supporting this idea pertain almost entirely to demands for physical effort. However, the same minimization principle has often been assumed also to apply to cognitive demand. We set out to evaluate the validity of this assumption. In six behavioral experiments, participants chose freely between courses of action associated with different levels of demand for controlled information processing. Together, the results of these experiments revealed a bias in favor of the less demanding course of action. The bias was obtained across a range of choice settings and demand manipulations, and was not wholly attributable to strategic avoidance of errors, minimization of time on task, or maximization of the rate of goal achievement. Remarkably, the effect also did not depend on awareness of the demand manipulation. Consistent with a motivational account, avoidance of demand displayed sensitivity to task incentives and co-varied with individual differences in the efficacy of executive control. The findings reported, together with convergent neuroscientific evidence, lend support to the idea that anticipated cognitive demand plays a significant role in behavioral decision-making.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Arrington, CM;Logan, GD
通讯作者：
Logan, GD
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bechara, A;Tranel, D;Damasio, AR
通讯作者：
Damasio, AR
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Bechara, A;Damasio, H;Damasio, AR
通讯作者：
Damasio, AR
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
CHRISTENFELD, N
通讯作者：
CHRISTENFELD, N
DOI：
10.3758/cabn.9.1.16
发表时间：
2009-03
期刊：
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Botvinick MM;Huffstetler S;McGuire JT
通讯作者：
McGuire JT