Adeno-associated virus 2 infection requires endocytosis through the CLIC/GEEC pathway.

Adeno-associated virus 2 infection requires endocytosis through the CLIC/GEEC pathway.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.chom.2011.10.014
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发表时间:
2011-12-15
影响因子:
30.3
通讯作者:
Weber T
Weber T
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nonnenmacher M;Weber T

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腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated viruses,AAV)是一种非致病性、无包膜、单链DNA病毒,目前正在开发中作为基因治疗载体。假设AAV内化通过动力蛋白依赖性内吞机制进行。回顾这一点,我们发现,感染性内吞作用的原型AAV,AAV 2,是独立的网格蛋白,小窝蛋白和发动蛋白。AAV 2感染对液相摄取抑制剂EIPA敏感,但不受Rac 1突变体或其他巨胞饮抑制剂的影响。相反,AAV 2感染需要肌动蛋白细胞骨架重塑和膜胆固醇,并且对Cdc 42、Arf 1和GRAF 1的抑制敏感,这些因子已知参与网格蛋白非依赖性载体(CLIC)的形成。AAV 2病毒粒子在去污剂抗性GPI锚定蛋白富集的内体区室(GEEC)中内化并易位至高尔基体,类似于CLIC/GEEC标记物霍乱毒素B。我们的结果表明,与迄今为止描述的病毒进入机制不同,AAV 2使用多形CLIC/GEEC途径作为其主要的内吞感染途径。
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses in development as gene therapy vectors. AAV internalization was postulated to proceed via a dynamin-dependent endocytic mechanism. Revisiting this, we find that infectious endocytosis of the prototypical AAV, AAV2, is independent of clathrin, caveolin and dynamin. AAV2 infection is sensitive to EIPA, a fluid-phase uptake inhibitor, but is unaffected by Rac1 mutants or other macropinocytosis inhibitors. In contrast, AAV2 infection requires actin cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane cholesterol, and is sensitive to inhibition of Cdc42, Arf1 and GRAF1, factors known to be involved in the formation of clathrin-independent carriers (CLIC). AAV2 virions are internalized in the detergent-resistant GPI-anchored-protein-enriched endosomal compartment (GEEC) and translocated to the Golgi apparatus, similarly to the CLIC/GEEC marker cholera toxin B. Our results indicate that —unlike the viral entry mechanisms described so far— AAV2 uses the pleiomorphic CLIC/GEEC pathway as its major endocytic infection route.
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