Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae
Parsing a plethora of pollen: the role of pollen size and shape in the evolution of Boraginaceae
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解析大量花粉：花粉大小和形状在紫草科进化中的作用
DOI：
10.1111/cla.12488
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cohen, James I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noroozi, Maryam;Ghahremaninejad, Farrokh;Bogler, David;Witherspoon, Jocelyn M.;Ryan, Gillian L.;Miller, James S.;Riahi, Mehrshid;Cohen, James I.
花粉是种子植物的小配子体，在植物繁殖和进化中起着重要作用。花粉在大小、形状、孔数等方面是可变的；这些特征在某些植物分类群中特别多样，可以用于诊断。在一个科，Boraginaceae中，花粉多样性的范围表明该科作为花粉发育、进化和分子生物学综合研究的模型的潜在效用。本文利用文献资料和扫描电镜技术，对中国植物72属538种花粉的多样性和进化进行了全面调查。研究结果表明，不同品种的种群多样性率和数量性状的演化均存在显著差异，孔径的大小、形状和数量均存在显著差异。其中一个亚科Boraginoideae的花粉比Cynoglossoideae的花粉大。石杨科（Lithospermeae）的花粉形态和气孔数的多样性大于其他部落。该科的祖先花粉被分解为具有三个孔和等孔的小而长形的颗粒。在所有部落中，石杨科和硼砂科的花粉大小和开孔数变化最大，且开孔数在Cynoglossoideae所有部落中都保持稳定。此外，本研究表明，Boraginaceae的多样化不能归因于花粉大小等单一因素，并且物种丰富的类群（如cynoglossum）的多样化率增加与花粉大小或形状进化无关。本研究提供的孢粉资料和特征演化模式，可以更好地解析地理和生态因子在绵苣苔科花粉粒多样性和进化中的作用，并为今后全科孢粉研究提供建议。
Pollen, the microgametophyte of seed plants, has an important role in plant reproduction and, therefore, evolution. Pollen is variable in, for example, size, shape, aperture number; these features are particularly diverse in some plant taxa and can be diagnostic. In one family, Boraginaceae, the range of pollen diversity suggests the potential utility of this family as a model for integrative studies of pollen development, evolution and molecular biology. In the present study, a comprehensive survey of the diversity and evolution of pollen from 538 species belonging to 72 genera was made using data from the literature and additional scanning electron microscopy examination. Shifts in diversification rates and the evolution of various quantitative characters were detected, and the results revealed remarkable differences in size, shape and number of apertures. The pollen of one subfamily, Boraginoideae, is larger than that in Cynoglossoideae. The diversity of pollen shapes and aperture numbers in one tribe, Lithospermeae, is greater than that in the other tribes. Ancestral pollen for the family was resolved as small, prolate grains that bear three apertures and are iso‐aperturate. Of all the tribes, the greatest number of changes in pollen size and aperture number were observed in Lithospermeae and Boragineae, and the number of apertures was found to be stable throughout all tribes of Cynoglossoideae. In addition, the present study showed that diversification of Boraginaceae cannot be assigned to a single factor, such as pollen size, and the increased rate of diversification for species‐rich groups (e.g.Cynoglossum) is not correlated with pollen size or shape evolution. The palynological data and patterns of character evolution presented in the study provide better resolution of the roles of geographical and ecological factors in the diversity and evolution of pollen grains of Boraginaceae, and provide suggestions for future palynological research across the family.
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