Monkeypox: A potential global threat?
Monkeypox: A potential global threat?
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DOI：
10.1002/jmv.27884
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Yang, Zhilong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang, Zhilong
猴痘是西非和中非的一种主要被忽视的地方病，最近引起了全球的关注，因为欧洲、北美和澳大利亚的十多个国家出现了100多例确诊和疑似病例（截至2022年5月21日）。预计这一数字将继续增加。在过去几年中，西非和中非以外地区也发生了一些猴痘病例，例如，在美国发生了由加纳进口动物引起的71例确诊和疑似病例的暴发[1]，以及在英国、美国、新加坡和以色列发生了与旅行相关的多例散发病例[2-6]。虽然对于那些密切关注情况的人来说，随着时间的推移，猴痘病例增加并不奇怪，但根据卫生当局和新闻媒体目前的信息，目前的疫情仍然非常不寻常，主要有两个原因。首先，大多数患者没有去过非洲的流行区。表明存在未被发现的社区传播第二，它在同一时期发生在多个国家，表明可能有多个传入来源。虽然已经提出了一些假设来解释目前通常的猴痘爆发，但需要更彻底的调查来回答与这次爆发有关的许多悬而未决的问题。这次爆发强化了猴痘有可能成为全球性威胁。然而，猴痘在过去并没有引起足够的重视，尽管它自20世纪70年代以来已经成为人类的天花样（但较温和）疾病。猴痘的病原体是猴痘病毒（MPXV），它是痘病毒科的成员，包括数十种感染人类和动物的不同病毒，引起广泛的疾病。MPXV是天花病毒的近亲，天花病毒是天花的病原体，仅在世纪就造成3亿人死亡[7]。MPXV具有约200 kb的大双链DNA基因组[8]。灵长类动物不是MPXV的天然宿主，该病毒的命名是因为它于1958年首次从实验室猴子中分离出来[9]。猴痘是一种人畜共患疾病，1970年报告了首例人类病例[10]。有两个已知的MPXV遗传分支-中非（刚果盆地，CB）分支和西非（WA）分支[11]。MPXV（CB）进化枝比MPXV（WA）更毒力。猴痘的病死率范围为1 - 11%[12]。这种疾病通常在儿童中更严重[13]。MPXV变速器
Monkeypox, a largely neglected disease endemic in Western and Central Africa, has recently attracted global attention due to over 100 confirmed and suspected cases (by May 21, 2022) in more than ten countries in Europe, North America, and Australia. The number is expected to continue to increase. There have been some monkeypox cases outside of Western and Central Africa in the past years, eg, an outbreak with 71 confirmed and suspected cases in the United States of America caused by imported animals from Ghana [1], and multiple sporadic cases associated with travels in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Singapore, and Israel [2–6]. While it is not a surprise to see increasing monkeypox cases over time to those who have been closely watching the situation, the current outbreak is still very unusual based on the current information from health authorities and news outlets, mainly for two reasons. First, most of the patients did not travel to the endemic area in Africa., suggesting under-detected community transmission. Second, it occurs in multiple countries during the same time period, suggesting multiple possible sources of introduction. While some hypotheses have been raised to explain the usual current outbreak of monkeypox, more thorough investigations are needed to answer many outstanding questions associated with this outbreak. This outbreak reinforces that monkeypox has the potential to grow as a global threat. However, monkeypox has not been paid enough attention in the past, although it has emerged to be a smallpox-like (but milder) disease in humans since the 1970s.The causative pathogen of monkeypox is monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the family Poxviridae that includes dozens of different viruses infecting humans and animals, causing a wide range of diseases. MPXV is a close relative of variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox that had killed 300 million people in the 20th century alone [7]. MPXV has a large double-stranded DNA genome of~ 200kb [8]. Primates are not the natural hosts of MPXV and the virus was named because it was first isolated from laboratory monkeys in 1958 [9]. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, with the first human case reported in 1970 [10]. There are two known MPXV genetic clades–the Central African (Congo Basin, CB) clade and the West African (WA) clade [11]. The MPXV (CB) clade is more virulent than the MPXV (WA). The range of case fatality rates of monkeypox had been from 1 to 11%[12]. The disease is usually more severe in young children [13]. MPXV transmission
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1005769107
发表时间：
2010-09-14
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Rimoin, Anne W.;Mulembakani, Prime M.;Muyembe, Jean-Jacques
通讯作者：
Muyembe, Jean-Jacques
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7114a1
发表时间：
2022-04-08
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rao AK;Schulte J;Chen TH;Hughes CM;Davidson W;Neff JM;Markarian M;Delea KC;Wada S;Liddell A;Alexander S;Sunshine B;Huang P;Honza HT;Rey A;Monroe B;Doty J;Christensen B;Delaney L;Massey J;Waltenburg M;Schrodt CA;Kuhar D;Satheshkumar PS;Kondas A;Li Y;Wilkins K;Sage KM;Yu Y;Yu P;Feldpausch A;McQuiston J;Damon IK;McCollum AM;July 2021 Monkeypox Response Team
通讯作者：
July 2021 Monkeypox Response Team
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Shchelkunov, SN;Totmenin, AV;Babkin, IV;Safronov, PF;Ryazankina, OI;Petrov, NA;Gutorova, VV;Uvarova, EA;Mikheev, MV;Sisler, JR;Esposito, JJ;Jahrling, PB;Moss, B;Sandakhchiev, LS
通讯作者：
Sandakhchiev, LS
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Yong, Sarah Ee Fang;Ng, Oon Tek;Leo, Yee Sin
通讯作者：
Leo, Yee Sin
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Likos, AM;Sammons, SA;Damon, IK
通讯作者：
Damon, IK