Vasa vasorum in plaque angiogenesis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: a malignant transformation.
Vasa vasorum in plaque angiogenesis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atheroscleropathy: a malignant transformation.
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2840-3-1
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发表时间：
2004-02-04
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Tyagi SC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayden MR;Tyagi SC
血管生成是一种涉及血管生成和动脉生成的复杂机制。代谢综合征(MS)和2型糖尿病(T2 DM)与多种代谢毒性有关，氧化-氧化还原应激的张力升高和加速的动脉粥样硬化(AS)导致活性氧(ROS)。这种动脉粥样硬化与脆弱的薄帽纤维动脉粥样硬化内血管生成加速有关，容易破裂，导致急性冠脉综合征(ACS)。由于外膜血管(VV)的血管生成而导致的内膜病变及其新生血管容易发生斑块内出血(IPH)。这些IPH与易损斑块的不稳定有关，导致斑块侵蚀和斑块破裂，从而导致急性冠脉综合征。在动脉粥样硬化中，外膜VV以恶性方式侵入斑块，同时与慢性炎症有关，因为巨噬细胞沉积在这些脆弱斑块的肩部区域。这些血管新生VV为多种有害底物提供了定制的输送血管网络，进一步加速了这些脆弱斑块和动脉粥样硬化的生长。MS和T2 DM存在血管生成悖论，即斑块内血管生成被诱导，动脉生成受阻。这篇综述试图提供一个关于血管形成过程(血管生成和动脉生成)及其机制的知识数据库，以更好地了解与MS和T2 DM相关的心血管风险增加以及发病率和死亡率的增加。
Vascularization is an exciting and complex mechanism involving angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. The metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with multiple metabolic toxicities, which result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to an elevated tension of oxidative-redox stress and an accelerated atherosclerosis termed atheroscleropathy. This atheroscleropathy is associated with accelerated angiogenesis within the vulnerable, thin-cap fibro-atheroma, prone to rupture resulting in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The resulting intimopathy with its neovascularization due to angiogenesis of the adventitial vasa vasorum (Vv) is prone to intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). These IPH are associated with destabilization of the vulnerable plaques resulting in plaque erosion and plaque rupture resulting in ACS. In atheroscleropathy the adventitial Vv invades the plaque in a malignant-like fashion and concurrently is associated with chronic inflammation, as macrophages are being deposited within the shoulder regions of these vulnerable plaques. These angiogenic Vv provide a custom delivery vascular network for multiple detrimental substrates, which further accelerates the growth of these vulnerable plaques and atheroscleropathy. There exists a vascularization paradox in MS and T2DM, in that, angiogenesis within the plaque is induced and arteriogenesis is impaired. This review will attempt to provide a database of knowledge regarding the vascularization process (angiogenesis and arteriogenesis) and its mechanisms to better understand the increased cardiovascular risk and the increased morbidity and mortality associated with MS and T2DM.
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