New Early Eocene basal tapiromorph from southern China and its phylogenetic implications.
New Early Eocene basal tapiromorph from southern China and its phylogenetic implications.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0110806
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jin X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bai B;Wang Y;Meng J;Li Q;Jin X
一种新的早始新世貘型，Meridiolophus expansus gen。等对来自中国广东省三水盆地的 11 月进行了描述和讨论。它是第一个报道的来自该盆地的始新世哺乳动物。新的分类单元，以左下颌骨碎片为代表，其特征是前部联合区域扩大，c1和p1之间有长的间隙，p1和p2之间的间隙相当短，前臼齿相对于臼齿较小，早期的后圆锥形贴附在p3上的原圆锥形上，p4上有突出的内圆锥形，臼齿后圆锥形不成对，斜突向近中延伸并稍微延伸舌侧来自下圆锥齿、倾斜的金属齿和下齿齿，以及下颌前磨牙上的小下圆锥齿。子午线虫属在形态上介于基础同星系类群和衍生的貘形类群（例如七齿兽）之间。系统发育分析表明，马科与貘形目的关系比与古兽科的关系更密切，尽管后者仅以单一物种 Pachynolophus eulaliensis 为代表。除了 Meridiolophus 和 Karagalax 之外，“Isectolophidae”与 Chalicotherioidea 的亲缘关系最近。此外，多数规则共识树表明，Meridiolophus 比任何其他“isectolophid”更接近 Karagalax，并且这两个属都代表冠群角形目 (Ceratomorpha) 的干类群。
A new Early Eocene tapiromorph, Meridiolophus expansus gen. et sp. nov., from the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province, China, is described and discussed. It is the first reported Eocene mammal from the basin. The new taxon, represented by a left fragmentary mandible, is characterized by an expanded anterior symphyseal region, a long diastema between c1 and p1, a rather short diastema between p1 and p2, smaller premolars relative to molars, an incipient metaconid appressed to the protoconid on p3, a prominent entoconid on p4, molar metaconid not twinned, cristid obliqua extending mesially and slightly lingually from the hypoconid, inclined metalophid and hypolophid, and small hypoconulid on the lower preultimate molars. Meridiolophus is morphologically intermediate between basal Homogalax-like taxa and derived tapiromorphs (such as Heptodon). Phylogenetic analysis indicates Equidae is more closely related to Tapiromorpha than to Palaeotheriidae, although the latter is only represented by a single species Pachynolophus eulaliensis. ‘Isectolophidae’, with exception of Meridiolophus and Karagalax, has the closest affinity with Chalicotherioidea. Furthermore, the majority rule consensus tree shows that Meridiolophus is closer to Karagalax than to any other ‘isectolophid’, and both genera represent stem taxa to crown group Ceratomorpha.
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